n=9550; 75 789 person-years Dementia cases: 429 | No (cases/censored) | Person-years | HRs (95% CI) | P for trend |
Model 1 | ||||
Community cultural engagement | ||||
Less than once a year | 292/5264 | 8.0 (7.1–9.0) | 1 (Ref) | <0.001 |
Once or two times per year | 75/2358 | 4.1 (3.3–5.2) | 0.65 (0.50 to 0.84) | |
Every few months or more | 58/2622 | 2.7 (2.1–3.6) | 0.46 (0.34 to 0.61) | |
Community group engagement | ||||
Less than once a year | 307/7064 | 6.1 (5.5–6.9) | 1 (Ref) | 0.56 |
Once or two times per year | 45/1112 | 5.1 (3.8–6.9) | 0.88 (0.65 to 1.20) | |
Every few months or more | 72/2068 | 4.3 (3.4–5.4) | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.24) | |
Model 2 | ||||
Community cultural engagement | ||||
Less than once a year | 1 (Ref) | <0.001 | ||
Once or two times per year | 0.66 (0.50 to 0.86) | |||
Every few months or more | 0.47 (0.34 to 0.63) | |||
Community group engagement | ||||
Less than once a year | 1 (Ref) | 0.61 | ||
Once or two times per year | 0.90 (0.65 to 1.23) | |||
Every few months or more | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.25) | |||
Model 3 | ||||
Community cultural engagement | ||||
Less than once a year | 1 (Ref) | <0.001 | ||
Once or two times per year | 0.71 (0.54 to 0.94) | |||
Every few months or more | 0.53 (0.38 to 0.73) | |||
Community group engagement | ||||
Less than once a year | 1 (Ref) | 0.87 | ||
Once or two times per year | 0.95 (0.68 to 1.31) | |||
Every few months or more | 0.99 (0.75 to 1.30) | |||
Model 4 | ||||
Community cultural engagement | ||||
Less than once a year | 1 (Ref) | <0.001 | ||
Once or two times per year | 0.77 (0.59 to 1.02) | |||
Every few months or more | 0.57 (0.41 to 0.80) | |||
Community group engagement | ||||
Less than once a year | 1 (Ref) | 0.70 | ||
Once or two times per year | 1.05 (0.76 to 1.47) | |||
Every few months or more | 1.05 (0.79 to 1.41) |
Community cultural engagement and group engagement were entered simultaneously into the models so are mutually adjusted. Model 1 unadjusted. Model 2 adjusted for demographic covariates (age, sex, educational attainment, wealth, employment status). Model 3 additionally adjusted for health covariates (depression, eyesight, hearing, cardiovascular conditions, physical activity). Model 4 additionally adjusted for social covariates (marital status, living status, social contact, social network size, perceived loneliness, perceived positive social support, perceived negative social support).