Prevalence of socioemotional behavioural problems at age 14 and univariate RRs (N=6509)
| Total % | Adolescent socioemotional behavioural problems % | RR (95% CI) | |
| Maternal education | |||
| Degree plus | 6.4 | 3.1 | 1.00 |
| Diploma | 7.6 | 7.1 | 2.26 (1.44 to 3.54) |
| A levels | 6.7 | 5.9 | 1.88 (1.13 to 3.15) |
| GCSE A–C | 41.2 | 9.7 | 3.09 (2.10 to 4.55) |
| GCSE D–G | 17.5 | 14.4 | 4.60 (2.98 to 7.09) |
| None | 20.6 | 14 | 4.48 (2.91 to 6.88) |
| Child’s sex | |||
| Male | 53.9 | 9.7 | 1.18 (0.95 to 1.48) |
| Female | 46.1 | 8.2 | 1.00 |
| Maternal age at MCS birth (years) | |||
| 14–24 | 67.8 | 11.5 | 1.93 (1.55 to 2.41) |
| 25+ | 32.2 | 6.1 | 1.00 |
| Maternal ethnicity | |||
| White | 93.5 | 8.3 | 1.00 |
| Mixed | 0.5 | 26.1 | 1.17 (0.55 to 2.47) |
| Indian | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0.41 (0.24 to 0.68) |
| Pakistani | 2.0 | 12.4 | 1.19 (0.91 to 1.53) |
| Bangladeshi | 0.5 | 0 | 0.82 (0.60 to 1.13) |
| Black | 0.9 | 10.4 | 1.03 (0.68 to 1.56) |
| Other | 0.7 | 3.3 | 0.62 (0.22 to 1.78) |
| Smoking in pregnancy | |||
| No | 62.2 | 7.2 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 37.8 | 15.1 | 2.06 (1.66 to 2.54) |
| Alcohol consumption in pregnancy | |||
| None | 64.6 | 10.4 | 1.00 |
| Any unit(s) per week | 35.4 | 7.1 | 0.69 (0.56 to 0.86) |
| Gestational age at birth | |||
| Preterm | 6.2 | 9.8 | 1.11 (0.75 to 1.65) |
| Regular term | 93.8 | 8.9 | 1.00 |
| Child’s birth weight | |||
| Low weight | 92.5 | 11.5 | 1.34 (0.91 to 1.96) |
| Normal+ | 7.5 | 8.8 | 1.00 |
| Breast feeding at least 4 months | |||
| Yes | 19 | 5.3 | 1.00 |
| No | 81 | 10.7 | 2.08 (1.59 to 2.73) |
| Cognitive disability at age 3 | |||
| No | 90.3 | 8.5 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 9.7 | 19.7 | 2.33 (1.65 to 3.30) |
| School readiness at age 3 | |||
| Average, advanced or very advanced | 83.7 | 8.3 | 1.00 |
| Very delayed or delayed | 16.3 | 14.8 | 1.72 (1.26 to 2.34) |
| Child’s long-term disabilities or illness at age 3 | |||
| No | 76.5 | 8.1 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 23.5 | 13.8 | 1.73 (1.34 to 2.23) |
| Maternal mental health problems | |||
| No | 67.5 | 7.3 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 32.5 | 16.5 | 2.25 (1.81 to 2.79) |
| Parenting style | |||
| Firm discipline plus fun | 44.9 | 8.1 | 1.00 |
| Education negligence or excess of rules | 55.1 | 9.8 | 1.19 (0.98 to 1.44) |
| Child–parents conflict relationship | |||
| Low conflicts | 23.2 | 4.7 | 1.00 |
| High conflicts | 76.8 | 12.2 | 2.61 (2.08 to 3.27) |
| Lone parenthood | |||
| No | 76.6 | 7.9 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 23.4 | 15.4 | 1.95 (1.49 to 2.54) |
| Child’s time spent with friends | |||
| Any time per week with friends | 98.7 | 8.9 | 1.00 |
| Not at all | 1.3 | 16.4 | 1.86 (0.86 to 4.01) |
| Being bullied | |||
| Not being bullied | 86.3 | 8.4 | 1.00 |
| Some true or certainly true | 13.7 | 16.2 | 1.89 (1.28 to 2.80) |
| Fights or bullies other peers | |||
| Not fights or bullies | 65.1 | 6.9 | 1.00 |
| Some true or certainly true | 34.9 | 19.5 | 2.76 (2.17 to 3.50) |
| Neighbourhood conditions | |||
| Not at all or nor very common neighbourhood problems | 26.7 | 6.0 | 1.00 |
| Fairly or very common neighbourhood problems | 73.3 | 10.9 | 1.84 (1.45 to 2.34) |
| Neighbourhood safety | |||
| Very safe | 80.9 | 8.3 | 1.00 |
| Fairly safe | 19.1 | 12.9 | 1.60 (1.19 to 2.15) |
GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education; RR, relative risk.