Model 1* | Model 2* | Model 3* | Model 4* | |||||
Β (SE) | P value | Β (SE) | P value | Β (SE) | P value | B (SE) | P value | |
Walk Score | ||||||||
Very Walkable/Walker’s Paradise | Ref | – | Ref | – | Ref | – | Ref | – |
Somewhat Walkable | −0.2 (0.06) | 0.0003 | −0.18 (0.09) | 0.04 | −0.19 (0.07) | 0.013 | −0.27 (0.08) | 0.0012 |
Car-Dependent | −0.2 (0.05) | 0.0001 | −0.2 (0.08) | 0.0171 | −0.13 (0.07) | 0.0532 | −0.28 (0.08) | 0.0003 |
Very Car-Dependent | −0.19 (0.05) | 0.0005 | −0.15 (0.08) | 0.0596 | −0.18 (0.07) | 0.0066 | −0.27 (0.08) | 0.0004 |
Female | −0.35 (0.03) | <0.0001 | −0.31 (0.09) | 0.0008 | −0.35 (0.03) | <0.0001 | −0.35 (0.03) | <0.0001 |
Age 65+ years | −0.8 (0.03) | <0.0001 | −0.81 (0.03) | <0.0001 | −0.77 (0.09) | <0.0001 | −0.81 (0.03) | <0.0001 |
Black | −0.1 (0.03) | 0.0011 | −0.09 (0.03) | 0.0021 | −0.09 (0.03) | 0.0026 | −0.23 (0.09) | 0.0143 |
Female×Somewhat Walkable | – | – | −0.02 (0.11) | 0.8775 | – | – | – | – |
Female×Car-Dependent | – | – | 0 (0.1) | 0.9621 | – | – | – | – |
Female×Very Car-Dependent | – | – | −0.06 (0.1) | 0.5563 | – | – | – | – |
Age 65+ years×Somewhat Walkable | – | – | – | – | −0.02 (0.11) | 0.8316 | – | – |
Age 65+ years×Car-Dependent | – | – | – | – | −0.15 (0.1) | 0.1541 | – | – |
Age 65+ years×Very Car-Dependent | – | – | – | – | 0 (0.1) | 0.9892 | – | – |
Black×Somewhat Walkable | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.13 (0.11) | 0.2438 |
Black×Car-Dependent | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.13 (0.1) | 0.2034 |
Black×Very Car-Dependent | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.17 (0.1) | 0.0987 |
*Models adjusted for neighbourhood socioeconomic status, race, region, education, income, relationship status, self-rated health, urban group and body mass index.