Table 3

Adjusted and stratified associations between school-level exposures (rigid boundaries and value-added education) and student risk-behaviours with multiple imputation

Student risk-behavioursSchool-level exposures
Rigid boundariesValue-added education
Variables for which evidence of moderation indicates need for stratified analysisAssociation—overall or stratified where evidence of moderationP valueVariables for which evidence of moderationAssociation—overall or stratified where evidence of moderationP value
Bullying perpetrationFemale0.13* (−0.50, 0.75)0.69Low affluence−0.19† (−0.50, 0.12)0.22
Male0.61* (−0.01, 1.23)0.05High affluence0.06† (−0.22, 0.33)0.69
Bullying victimisationLow affluenceFemale0.05 (−0.05, 0.16)0.31–−0.01 (−0.04, 0.02)0.47
Male0.15 (0.05, 0.25)0.003
High affluenceFemale−0.03 (−0.11, 0.05)0.54
Male0.06 (−0.02, 0.14)0.14
Smoking tobacco ever–1.34‡ (0.79, 2.27)0.28Low affluence0.79 (0.62, 1.02)0.07
High affluence0.94 (0.75, 1.17)0.58
Smoking tobacco in previous week–1.33§ (0.71, 2.52)0.27Low affluence0.72 (0.51, 1.01)0.06
High affluence0.92 (0.70, 1.21)0.55
Alcohol in previous week–1.31¶ (0.78, 2.20)0.31–0.81 (0.56, 1.19)0.29
Really drunk everLow affluence1.04** (0.56, 1.92)0.91–0.82 (0.59, 1.13)0.23
High affluence1.90** (1.08, 3.32)0.03
Binge drinking ever–2.23†† (1.33, 3.73)0.002–0.82 (0.56, 1.19)0.29
Drugs ever–1.59 (0.80, 3.13)0.18–0.91 (0.67, 1.24)0.29
Drugs in previous month–2.36‡‡ (1.06, 5.22)0.04–0.81 (0.54, 1.21)0.31

  • Variables adjusted for:

  • *Size, deprivation, ethnicity, family structure, parent working, family affluence.

  • †Size, sex, deprivation,family structure, parent working.

  • ‡Parent working, sex.

  • §Deprivation, parent working.

  • ¶Size, deprivation, FSM.

  • **Deprivation size.

  • ††Size, deprivation.

  • ‡‡Size, parent working.