Association of cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage over life-course and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Moli-sani study cohort (n=22 194)
| Cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage score (CSD) | ||
| HR (95% CI) | PTE | |
| All-cause mortality | ||
| Model 1=age, sex and marital status | 1.69 (1.26 to 2.26) | – |
| Model 1+health conditions | 1.64 (1.23 to 2.19) | 5.5% (1.2% to 21.9%; p=0.085) |
| Model 1+behavioural factors | 1.66 (1.24 to 2.22) | 3.5% (0.6% to 18.4%; p=0.12) |
| Model 1+traditional CVD risk factors | 1.66 (1.24 to 2.22) | 3.0% (0.6% to 13.8%; p=0.096) |
| Model 1+inflammatory biomarkers | 1.63 (1.22 to 2.18) | 6.7% (2.9% to 14.7%; p=0.0006) |
| Model 1+novel CVD risk factors | 1.62 (1.21 to 2.17) | 7.7% (1.5% to 30.4%; p=0.096) |
| CVD mortality | ||
| Model 1=age, sex and marital status | 1.91 (1.16 to 3.14) | – |
| Model 1+health conditions | 1.73 (1.05 to 2.85) | 15.0% (4.2% to 41.4%; p=0.022) |
| Model 1+behavioural factors | 1.85 (1.12 to 3.05) | 4.8% (1.0% to 20.8%; p=0.078) |
| Model 1+traditional CVD risk factors | 1.84 (1.12 to 3.03) | 5.6% (1.2% to 22.3%; p=0.066) |
| Model 1+inflammatory biomarkers | 1.84 (1.12 to 3.03) | 6.1% (1.7% to 19.8%; p=0.025) |
| Model 1+novel CVD risk factors | 1.78 (1.08 to 2.93) | 11.0% (1.8% to 45.3%; p=0.11) |
| Cancer mortality | ||
| Model 1=age, sex and marital status | 1.19 (0.78 to 1.83) | – |
| Model 1+health conditions | 1.21 (0.79 to 1.85) | Null |
| Model 1+behavioural factors | 1.19 (0.78 to 1.83) | Null |
| Model 1+traditional CVD risk factors | 1.19 (0.78 to 1.83) | 1.2% (0.0% to 96.9%; p=0.39) |
| Model 1+inflammatory biomarkers | 1.16 (0.75 to 1.77) | 18.7% (1.1% to 82.5%; p<0.0001) |
| Model 1+novel CVD risk factors | 1.16 (0.76 to 1.78) | 14.7% (0.8% to 79.5%; p=0.071) |
| Mortality from other causes | ||
| Model 1=age, sex and marital status | 2.42 (1.24 to 4.69) | – |
| Model 1+health conditions | 2.37 (1.22 to 4.60) | 2.3% (0.3% to 17.3%; p=0.17) |
| Model 1+behavioural factors | 2.34 (1.20 to 4.57) | 3.4% (0.6% to 17.7%; p=0.11) |
| Model 1+traditional CVD risk factors | 2.41 (1.24 to 4.69) | Null |
| Model 1+inflammatory biomarkers | 2.35 (1.21 to 4.57) | 3.3% (1.0% to 10.5%; p=0.016) |
| Model 1+novel CVD risk factors | 2.34 (1.20 to 4.55) | 3.7% (0.3% to 35.8%; p=0.21) |
HR with 95% CI for highest (8-10) vs lowest (0–3) cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage score (CSD).
Health conditions include presence at baseline of CVD, cancer, drugs for diabetes, lipid-lowering medication, drugs for hypertension, psychological assessment.
Behavioural factors include adherence to Mediterranean diet, smoking status, physical activity and abdominal obesity.
Traditional markers of CVD risk include total blood cholesterol (mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), triglycerides (mg/dL; logarithm), blood glucose (mg/dL; logarithm), systolic BP (mm Hg), diastolic BP (mm Hg).
Inflammatory biomarkers of CVD risk include C-reactive protein (mg/dL; logarithm), white blood cell count (×109/L; logarithm).
Novel biomarkers of CVD risk include N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP; logarithm), high-sensitivity assayed Troponin I (hsTnI; logarithm), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA), apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100), Lipoprotein a (Lp(a), markers of renal function (Cystatin C, Creatinine; logarithm), markers of cardio-metabolic risk (Insulin, C-peptide; logarithm) and Vitamin D.
CVD, cardiovascular disease;Null, not mediating the effect; PTE, per cent of exposure effect with 95% CI and p values;