Crude and multivariate HRs* with 95% CIs for long-term sickness absence (>90 days) among refugees from different regions/countries, non-refugee migrants from different regions and native Swedes
| Sickness absence >90 days | Crude model | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | |
| N (%) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Native Swedes | 239 330 (6.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Refugees§ | 14 930 (6.8) | 1.12 (1.10 to 1.14) | 1.16 (1.14 to 1.18) | 1.12 (1.10 to 1.14) |
| Non-Western countries | 8393 (5.9) | 0.95 (0.93 to 0.98) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) |
| Africa | 926 (3.5) | 0.56 (0.52 to 0.60) | 0.59 (0.55 to 0.63) | 0.67 (0.63 to 0.71) |
| Eritrea | 229 (5.4) | 0.86 (0.75 to 0.98) | 0.78 (0.68 to 0.88) | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.07) |
| Ethiopia | 236 (5.5) | 0.91 (0.80 to 1.03) | 0.85 (0.75 to 0.97) | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.10) |
| Somalia | 237 (1.9) | 0.30 (0.27 to 0.34) | 0.34 (0.30 to 0.38) | 0.38 (0.34 to 0.44) |
| Other countries in Africa | 224 (4.0) | 0.64 (0.56 to 0.73) | 0.71 (0.62 to 0.80) | 0.76 (0.66 to 0.86) |
| Asia | 6631 (6.3) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.05) | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.13) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.06) |
| Afghanistan | 195 (4.1) | 0.66 (0.57 to 0.75) | 0.81 (0.71 to 0.94) | 0.68 (0.59 to 0.79) |
| Iran | 1634 (6.3) | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.08) | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.08) | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.09) |
| Iraq | 2070 (8.8) | 1.45 (1.39 to 1.51) | 1.47 (1.41 to 1.53) | 1.24 (1.19 to 1.30) |
| Syria | 2248 (4.9) | 0.79 (0.76 to 0.83) | 0.93 (0.89 to 0.97) | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.93) |
| Other countries in Asia | 484 (8.4) | 1.37 (1.25 to 1.50) | 1.30 (1.19 to 1.42) | 1.30 (1.18 to 1.42) |
| South America | 836 (8.1) | 1.32 (1.24 to 1.42) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.19) | 1.07 (1.00 to 1.14) |
| Chile | 638 (9.1) | 1.50 (1.39 to 1.62) | 1.19 (1.10 to 1.29) | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.21) |
| Other countries in South America | 198 (6.0) | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.11) | 0.91 (0.79 to 1.05) | 0.93 (0.81 to 1.07) |
| Western countries | 6476 (8.7) | 1.43 (1.40 to 1.47) | 1.43 (1.39 to 1.46) | 1.35 (1.31 to 1.38) |
| Former Yugoslavia | 5694 (9.1) | 1.49 (1.45 to 1.53) | 1.48 (1.44 to 1.52) | 1.39 (1.36 to 1.43) |
| Non-refugee migrants | 17 951 (4.5) | 0.75 (0.74 to 0.77) | 0.85 (0.83 to 0.86) | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.95) |
| Non-Western countries | 9586 (4.2) | 0.69 (0.67 to 0.70) | 0.76 (0.74 to 0.78) | 0.85 (0.83 to 0.87) |
| Africa | 1701 (4.0) | 0.66 (0.63 to 0.69) | 0.74 (0.70 to 0.78) | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.90) |
| Asia | 6792 (4.1) | 0.67 (0.66 to 0.69) | 0.74 (0.72 to 0.76) | 0.84 (0.82 to 0.86) |
| South America | 1093 (5.3) | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.92) | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.96) | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.96) |
| Western countries | 7854 (5.1) | 0.85 (0.83 to 0.87) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.07) |
*All analyses were conducted by Cox regression with both fixed and time dependent covariates and competing risks.
†Model 1: age, sex, educational level, family situations, type of living area, labour market attachment (income from work, income, but not from work and no income), sickness absence 2009 (0, 1–90 and >90 days) and unemployment 2009 (0, 1–180 and >180 days).
‡Model 2: model 1+main or side diagnosis from inpatient or specialised outpatient healthcare during 2009–2012 for somatic disorders (International Classification of Diseases, version 10 [ICD-10]: A00- E99, G00-T99), mental disorders (ICD-10: F00–F99) and prescription of anxiolytics, sedatives and antidepressants according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification codes N05B, N05C and N06A, respectively.
§Came to Sweden as refugees according to the last record from Statistics Sweden.