B SE | B SE | B SE | B SE | |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
Housing tenure (ref: owned with mortgage) | ||||
Owned outright | 0.22*** | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
Social rent | 0.36*** | 0.18*** | 0.09* | 0.08 |
0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | |
Private rent | 0.06 | 0.12* | 0.11* | 0.10* |
0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Housing cost burden (yes) | −0.10 | −0.15* | −0.10 | −0.14* |
0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
Housing payment arrears (yes) | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Housing benefit (yes) | 0.26*** | 0.09 | 0.01 | −0.05 |
0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | |
Central heating (no) | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Warm enough (no) | 0.13* | 0.02 | −0.03 | −0.04 |
0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | |
Overcrowding (yes) | −0.03 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Dwelling type (ref: detached) | ||||
Semidetached | 0.10*** | 0.11*** | 0.06* | 0.07* |
0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
Terrace | 0.15*** | 0.19*** | 0.13*** | 0.13*** |
0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
Flat | 0.11* | 0.20*** | 0.18*** | 0.18*** |
0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | |
Other | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.16 |
0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | |
Prefer to stay | 0.12*** | 0.04 | 0.06* | 0.05* |
0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
Expect to move | −0.20*** | −0.06 | −0.03 | −0.06 |
0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | |
Prefer to stay × expect to move | – | – | – | 0.15 |
0.10 | ||||
Demographics and SEP controls included | N | Y | Y | Y |
Health and health behaviour controls included | N | N | Y | Y |
Demographic and socioeconomic position controls: age, gender, cohabitation, ethnicity, region, employment status, highest educational qualification, income quartile (age standardised), subjective financial situation.
Health and health behaviour controls: smoking status, body mass index (categorised), long-standing illness or disability.
Regressions for housing characteristics run separately in models 1–3, but presented in a single column for ease of comparison and conciseness. All housing variables are included simultaneously in model 4.
n=9974.
*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.005.