Table 4

Average treatment effects on the treated: American social assistance recipients (NHIS 2003–2014)

	Employed			Unemployed
	Prevalence difference	SE	P values	Prevalence difference	SE	P values
Poor self-rated health
Calliper matching†	0.022	0.021	0.287	0.046	0.027	0.090
Kernel weighting	0.032*	0.014	0.029	0.039*	0.020	0.046
Hypertension
Calliper matching†	0.044*	0.020	0.031	−0.012	0.027	0.664
Kernel weighting	0.027*	0.013	0.042	0.014	0.019	0.466
Chronic conditions
Calliper matching†	0.022	0.020	0.261	0.037	0.031	0.226
Kernel weighting	0.031*	0.016	0.047	0.020	0.021	0.343
Smoking
Calliper matching†	0.073**	0.025	0.003	0.053	0.038	0.165
Kernel weighting	0.069***	0.016	0.000	0.063**	0.024	0.010
Binge drinking
Calliper matching†	0.028*	0.133	0.034	−0.007	0.021	0.743
Kernel weighting	0.005	0.011	0.559	−0.003	0.015	0.846
Physical inactivity
Calliper matching†	−0.003	0.028	0.914	−0.048	0.037	0.200
Kernel weighting	−0.014	0.017	0.384	−0.003	0.027	0.910
Obesity
Calliper matching†	0.030	0.024	0.216	0.012	0.033	0.716
Kernel weighting	0.027	0.017	0.106	0.022	0.022	0.321
Sample size
Unmatched	Recipients=1026 Control=14 561			Recipients=609 Control=3625
Calliper matching†	Recipients=994 Control=855			Recipients=589 Control=435
Kernel weighting	Recipients=998 Control=14 264			Recipients=603 Control=3625

*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
†Calliper is set to 0.015; narrower than the 0.2 of the SD of the logit of the propensity score recommended by Austin.18
NHIS, National Health Interview Survey.