Table 2

Relative risk estimates for adolescent personality traits

TraitModel 1Model 2
HR (95% CI)HR (95% CI)
Sociability0.961* (0.929 to 0.994)0.978 (0.945 to 1.012)
Social sensitivity0.947** (0.915 to 0.980)0.959* (0.926 to 0.994)
Impulsivity1.078*** (1.044 to 1.113)1.077*** (1.043 to 1.113)
Vigour0.919*** (0.890 to 0.950)0.932*** (0.901 to 0.964)
Calm0.918*** (0.887 to 0.949)0.927*** (0.896 to 0.960)
Tidiness0.937*** (0.906 to 0.969)0.942*** (0.910 to 0.975)
Culture0.953** (0.921 to 0.987)0.956* (0.923 to 0.990)
Leadership0.985 (0.953 to 1.017)0.972 (0.940 to 1.006)
Self-confidence0.982 (0.950 to 1.015)0.993 (0.960 to 1.027)
Mature personality0.937*** (0.906 to 0.968)0.941*** (0.910 to 0.974)
  • Model 1 adjusted for sex and 1960 grade. Model 2 adjusted for sex, 1960 grade, socioeconomic status index and indicators for black and minority race/ethnicity.

  • *P <0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. n=26 845.