Table 1

Descriptive statistics and correlations for the variables in this study

	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	M	SD
Sex*											0.48	0.50
Place of birth*											0.05	0.21
Family adversity											1.57	1.53
Abstract reasoning (Raven’s Matrices)											56.77	27.15
Grade retention in elementary school*											0.15	0.41
Communication with parents (age 12)											2.11	0.68
Parental supervision (age 12)											2.14	0.83
Conflict with parents (age 12)											1.08	0.63
Peer deviancy (age 12)											0.60	0.93
Peer academic disengagement (age 12)											1.32	0.49
School achievement (age 12)											75.84	10.75
School engagement (age 12)											0.07	0.57
Drug use (age 12)											0.18	0.43
Delinquency (age 12)											2.33	5.14
Social anxiety (age 12)											1.17	0.66
Depressive symptoms (age 12)											7.40	7.62
Victimisation (age 13)											0.43	0.59
Witnessing total violence (age 13)	0.42										1.17	0.72
Witnessing covert violence (age 13)	0.31	0.78									0.96	0.87
Witnessing minor violence (age 13)	0.32	0.86	0.55								1.88	1.01
Witnessing major violence (age 13)	0.43	0.85	0.57	0.55							0.66	0.74
School achievement (age 15)	−0.08	−0.02	−0.02	0.01	−0.05						73.33	9.64
School engagement (age 15)	−0.11	−0.13	−0.08	−0.12	−0.10	0.30					0.03	.58
Drug use (age 15)	0.13	0.16	0.12	0.11	0.16	−0.17	−0.40				0.56	0.64
Delinquency (age 15)	0.18	0.16	0.14	0.06	0.21	−0.17	−0.34	0.58			3.16	6.95
Social anxiety (age 15)	0.09	0.06	0.04	0.09	0.01	0.04	0.15	−0.01	−0.02		1.18	0.65
Depressive symptoms (age 15)	0.17	0.13	0.09	0.13	0.10	−0.10	−0.18	0.28	0.33	0.35	7.49	8.42