Table 1

Baseline characteristics by diabetes status in CKB

Variable*Diabetes status
No diabetesTotalPreviously diagnosedScreen detected
(n=480 130)(n=30 006)(n=16 000)(n=14 006)
Age (SD), year51.1 (10.6)57.2 (9.6)58.4 (9.1)55.9 (9.9)
Female, %59.061.762.361.0
Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors
 Urban resident, %43.060.965.155.9
 ≥6 years of education, %43.443.244.742.2
 Household income≥35 000 RMB/year, %24.724.324.524.1
 Ever regular smoking, %
  Male67.866.264.467.6
  Female2.83.13.13.0
 Weekly drinking %
  Male33.829.621.836.2
  Female2.11.30.71.9
 Total physical activity (SD), MET-hours/day21.3 (13.9)18.8 (11.9)17.5 (10.6)19.8 (12.9)
Anthropometry and blood pressure
 Height (SD), cm158.6 (8.3)158.8 (8.4)159.0 (8.3)158.5 (8.4)
 BMI (SD), kg/m223.6 (3.3)24.9 (3.6)24.6 (3.5)25.1 (3.7)
 Waist circumference (SD), cm80.0 (9.6)84.9 (10.0)84.3 (9.8)85.3 (10.3)
 Hip circumference (SD), cm90.9 (6.8)92.2 (7.6)91.8 (7.5)92.6 (7.7)
 Waist-to-hip ratio (SD)0.88 (0.07)0.92 (0.07)0.92 (0.07)0.92 (0.07)
 Per cent body fat (SD)27.9 (8.3)30.4 (8.7)29.4 (8.5)31.1 (8.8)
 BMI at age 25 (SD), kg/m221.9 (2.5)22.8 (3.1)23.2 (3.2)22.5 (2.9)
 SBP (SD), mm Hg130.7 (21.0)138.6 (22.6)137.6 (22.6)139.3 (22.7)
 RPG (SD), mmol/L5.7 (1.1)12.6 (5.6)11.8 (5.7)13.3 (5.4)
Prior disease history, %
 CHD2.85.26.93.2
 Stroke or TIA1.63.23.92.2
 Hypertension10.822.527.817.4
 Family history of diabetes4.512.216.19.2
 Family history of cancer13.914.115.113.3
  • *Results were adjusted for age, region and sex (where appropriate). 1 mmol/L=18 mg/dL.

  • BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; RPG, random plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.