1-year outcome variablesn=1573%
Depressive symptoms at 1 year (EPDS≥10)19312.4
Anxiety symptoms at 1 year (SSAI≥40)25616.9
Low total support at 4 months27918.8
 Low tangible support at 4 months30520.2
 Low interaction support at 4 months25717.0
 Low emotional/info support at 4 months23715.8
Postpartum cumulative mental health‡
 0 mental health factors102465.1
 1 mental health factors34622.0
 2 mental health factors1388.8
 3 or 4 mental health factors654.1
  • *Percentages may vary due to missing data (<5%) in the denominator.

  • †History of treatment of depression, four or more ACEs, depressive or anxiety symptoms during pregnancy.

  • ‡History of treatment of depression, four or more ACEs, depressive or anxiety symptoms at 4 months postpartum.

  • ACE, Adverse Childhood Experiences; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; SSAI, Spielberger State Anxiety Index.