Characteristics of seven cohort studies predicting all-cause mortality through Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores, 1989–2016
| Study | Design | Sample | Measurements | Quality rating (NOS) | ||||||||
| Baseline | Follow-up | Average length* | Location | Setting | Sex; age mean; range* | Total N (deaths) | Exposure, categories | Mortality | Association | Adjustments | ||
| Bradley et al 21 | 1993–1994 | 1997–1999† | 4.5 | USA | Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP) at 3 Veteran Affairs general medicine clinics. | M; 65 (median); 18+. | 1 930 (324) | AUDIT-10: 1–7 and ≥8. | VA Beneficiary Identification and Record Locator System | HR | Age, smoking, depression, education, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease, liver disease. Among drinkers only. | 7 |
| Harris et al 15 | 2004–2005 | 2006–2007† | 2 | USA | Veteran Affairs ‘Survey of Health Experiences of Patients (SHEP)’ database | M, W; 65 (median); 18+. | Men: 215 924 (13 040†), women: 9 168 (224†). | AUDIT-C: 0, 1–4, 5–8 and ≥9. | (1) VA Beneficiary Identification Records Locator System, (2) Social Security Administration Death Master File, (3) Medicare Vital Status File and (4) VHA Medical SAS Inpatient Datasets. | HR | Age, race, education, marital status, past year depression and Deyo comorbidity index scores. | 7 |
| Jeong et al 24 | 2005–2006 | 2009 | 3.75 | South Korea | Random and representative panel survey: Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging | M/W; 76.3; 65–98. | 846 (88) | AUDIT-10‡: Lifetime abstainers (ex-drinkers were excluded), 1–7 and ≥8. | Ministry of Public Administration and Security’s National Database | HR | Age, educational level, smoking, Mini-Mental Status Examination score and Geriatric Depression Scale score. | 8 |
| Justice et al 22 | 2008–2012 | 2014 | 4.8 | USA | Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) based on electronic medical records. | M; 54.0; n.a. | 42 228 (1 985) | AUDIT-C: 1–3, 4, 5–7 and ≥8. | (1) VA Beneficiary Identification Records Locating System, (2) VHA Patient Treatment File, (3) Medicare Vital Status File and (4) Social Security National Death Index. | HR | Age, race/ethnicity, smoking status and hepatitis C infection. Participants with HIV were excluded. | 7 |
| Kinder et al 23 | 1997–1999 | 2000 | 2.61 | USA | ACQUIP at 7 Veteran Affairs internal medicine clinics. | M; 65 (median); 18+. | 34 292 (2 955) | AUDIT-C: 0, 1–3, 4–5, 6–7, 8–9 and 10–12. | (1) VA Beneficiary Identification and Records Locator System, (2) Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture. | HR | Age, race, education, marital status, smoking status, smoking intensity, drug use, Mental Health Inventory-5 scores (continuous), post-traumatic stress disorder, cancer, lung disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, myocardial infarction, pneumonia and and stroke. | 7 |
| Nadkarni et al 25 | 2006–2008 | 2012–2014 | 6 | India | Population-based sample of men in urban and rural areas of Goa. | M; 32.8; 18 to 49. | 1 899 (62) | AUDIT-10: 0, 1–7, 8–15 and 16–40. | Official death certificate (no further information was provided). | OR | Age, residence, religion, marital status, education, employment status and socioeconomic status. | 8 |
| Sidorenkov et al 26 | 1999–2000 | 2010 | 10.2 | Russia | Annual medical check-up and register-based recruitment in an outpatient clinic in Arkhangelsk. | M, W; 45 (median); 18–60. | Men: 1 966 (147). Women: 1 738 (95). | AUDIT-10: 0, 1–7 and ≥8. | Regional mortality registry. | HR | Age, education, physical activity, diastolic blood pressure, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, body mass index and history of cardiovascular disease. Comparison at-risk drinkers versus abstainers: age only. | 8 |
*In years.
†Estimated.
‡Korean version.
ApoB/ApoA1, ratio between Apolipoproteins B and A1; M, men; M/W, combined sex; n.a., not available in the respective manuscript; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; W, women; W, M , stratified by sex .