Table 2

Estimates (overall and stratified on age at baseline) for the association between daily intake of the food groups/portion size (g) and age at natural menopause (years)

Daily intake/portion size	Age at baseline						≤50 years			>50 years
Daily intake/portion size	Estimate*	99% CI	P values	Estimate†	99% CI	P values	Estimate‡	99% CI	P values	Estimate§	99% CI	P values
Starchy food sources
Wholegrain products/33 g	0.0	−0.1 to 0.2	0.491	0.0	−0.1 to 0.2	0.443	0.0	−0.2 to 0.1	0.559	0.1	−0.0 to 0.3	0.034
Refined grain products/51 g	−0.0	−0.5 to 0.3	0.488	−0.2	−0.5 to 0.2	0.267	−0.1	−0.6 to 0.3	0.495	−0.3	−0.7 to 0.0	0.017
Low-fibre breakfast cereals/40 g	0.0	−1.0 to 1.0	0.920	−0.1	−1.1 to 1.0	0.888	−0.7	−1.8 to 0.4	0.109	0.5	−0.5 to 1.5	0.163
High-fibre breakfast cereals/85 g	0.2	−0.2 to 0.6	0.136	0.2	−0.3 to 0.7	0.273	0.1	−0.4 to 0.6	0.621	0.0	−0.4 to 0.5	0.915
Plain potatoes/210 g	0.4	−0.4 to 1.1	0.213	0.5	−0.3 to 1.2	0.114	−0.1	−1.0 to 0.9	0.868	−0.2	−0.8 to 0.5	0.516
Potatoes with added fat/127 g	0.3	−1.1 to 1.8	0.566	0.1	−1.4 to 0.2	0.829	−0.1	−1.8 to 1.7	0.929	0.1	−1.4 to 1.6	0.843
Refined pasta and rice/210 g	−1.8	−3.0 to −0.5	<0.001	−1.5	−2.8 to −0.2	0.003	−0.9	−2.3 to 0.5	0.101	0.8	−0.7 to 2.2	0.166
Wholegrain pasta and rice/197 g	0.4	−1.0 to 1.7	0.492	0.5	−0.9 to 2.0	0.309	0.0	−1.7 to 1.6	0.958	0.6	−0.7 to 1.9	0.243
Protein and fat food sources
Low-fat dairy products/80 g	0.0	−0.1 to 0.1	0.043	0.0	−0.1 to 0.1	0.700	−0.1	−0.2 to 0.0	0.053	0.0	−0.1 to 0.1	0.835
High-fat dairy products/75 g	−0.1	−0.2 to 0.1	0.279	−0.2	−0.2 to 0.1	0.323	−0.1	−0.3 to 0.1	0.493	−0.1	−0.3 to 0.1	0.118
Butter and hard margarine/10 g	0.1	−0.2 to 0.4	0.350	0.2	−0.2 to 0.5	0.228	0.1	−0.3 to 0.5	0.475	0.0	−0.3 to 0.3	0.838
Margarine/9 g	−0.2	−0.4 to 0.1	0.103	−0.2	−0.5 to 0.1	0.101	−0.1	−0.4 to 0.2	0.636	0.0	−0.3 to 0.3	0.958
Low-fat spreads/7 g	0.1	−0.2 to 0.4	0.264	0.1	−0.2 to 0.4	0.538	0.1	−0.3 to 0.5	0.628	−0.1	−0.4 to 0.2	0.357
High-fat dressing/23 g	−0.1	−1.2 to 0.9	0.717	−0.0	−1.0 to 1.0	0.993	0.2	−1.0 to 1.3	0.708	0.0	1.0 to 1.1	0.932
Low-fat dressing/30 g	1.3	−0.8 to 3.4	0.116	0.8	−1.3 to 2.9	0.309	0.8	−1.6 to 3.1	0.401	−0.4	−2.5 to 1.7	0.596
Soya bean products/62 g	−0.0	−0.1 to 0.1	0.978	−0.0	−0.2 to 0.1	0.812	0.0	−0.1 to 0.2	0.392	−0.1	−0.3 to 0.1	0.136
Textured vegetable protein/130 g	−4.2	−13.1 to 4.7	0.226	−3.6	−12.6 to 5.4	0.300	−2.9	−12.1 to 6.3	0.414	−2.7	−13.0 to 7.7	0.506
Pulses/91 g	−0.4	−1.1 to 0.2	0.087	−0.3	−1.0 to 0.4	0.230	0.1	−0.7 to 0.8	0.760	−0.5	−1.1 to 0.2	0.065
Eggs/eggs dishes/88 g	1.0	−0.4 to 2.4	0.070	0.6	−0.9 to 2.0	0.301	−0.4	−2.0 to 1.2	0.536	−0.5	1.9 to 0.9	0.358
Fish and fish dishes/140 g	1.4	−0.6 to 3.4	0.068	1.2	−0.9 to 3.3	0.130	−1.0	−3.2 to 1.3	0.264	1.4	−0.7 to 3.6	0.085
Oily fish/90 g	3.2	0.8 to 5.6	0.001	3.3	0.8 to 5.8	0.001	1.9	−1.2 to 4.9	0.118	0.9	−1.3 to 3.1	0.311
Shell fish/60 g	1.7	−4.4 to 7.8	0.462	2.2	−4.1 to 8.5	0.361	−4.0	−11.5 to 3.5	0.165	1.7	4.1 to 7.6	0.438
Red meat/189 g	1.9	0.3 to 3.5	0.003	1.5	−0.2 to 3.2	0.021	−0.2	−2.2 to 1.8	0.830	0.9	−0.6 to 2.5	0.123
Processed meat/74 g	1.3	−0.4 to 3.0	0.042	1.0	−0.8 to 2.7	0.150	0.2	−1.8 to 2.2	0.830	0.4	−1.2 to 2.1	0.495
Poultry/143 g	1.6	−0.6 to 3.8	0.063	1.4	−0.9 to 3.6	0.109	0.0	−2.4 to 2.4	0.993	1.2	−1.2 to 3.6	0.186
Offal/100 g	6.9	−2.2 to 16.1	0.051	5.9	−3.5 to 15.2	0.104	−2.0	−14.4 to 10.4	0.675	−0.2	−8.1 to 7.7	0.948
Vegetables
Vegetable dishes/214 g	−0.6	−1.3 to 0.2	0.069	−0.5	−1.3 to 0.3	0.102	−0.7	−1.7 to 0.2	0.055	−0.3	−1.0 to 0.5	0.341
Allium/39 g	0.3	−0.5 to 1.2	0.322	0.5	−0.4 to 1.4	0.125	0.1	−1.0 to 1.1	0.814	−0.2	−1.1 to 0.6	0.478
Fresh legumes/75 g	1.0	0.1 to 1.8	0.003	0.9	0.0 to 1.8	0.007	0.0	−0.9 to 1.0	0.896	0.4	−0.4 to 1.2	0.205
Mediterranean vegetables/60 g	−0.0	−0.6 to 0.6	1.000	0.1	−0.5 to 0.6	0.730	0.1	−0.5 to 0.7	0.597	0.2	−0.4 to 0.8	0.363
Salad vegetables/43 g	0.4	−0.0 to 0.8	0.021	0.4	−0.0 to 0.9	0.018	0.4	−0.1 to 0.8	0.036	0.2	−0.4 to 0.7	0.441
Cruciferous vegetables/75 g	0.3	−0.0 to 0.6	0.017	0.3	−0.0 to 0.7	0.024	0.0	−0.3 to 0.4	0.845	0.0	−0.4 to 0.4	0.969
Tomatoes/83 g	0.2	−0.4 to 0.8	0.352	0.0	−0.6 to 0.7	0.855	0.1	−0.6 to 0.8	0.765	0.0	−0.6 to 0.5	0.822
Mushrooms/34 g	0.3	−0.8 to 1.5	0.431	0.3	−0.9 to 1.4	0.581	−0.3	−1.7 to 1.0	0.543	0.1	−1.1 to 1.2	0.860
Roots and tubers/66 g	0.4	−0.1 to 1.0	0.032	0.4	−0.1 to 0.9	0.057	0.1	−0.5 to 0.7	0.715	0.4	−0.2 to 1.0	0.102
Fruits
Stone fruits/49 g	0.5	−0.2 to 1.3	0.058	0.4	−0.3 to 1.2	0.155	0.0	−0.7 to 0.8	0.884	0.3	−0.6 to 1.1	0.442
Deep orange and yellow fruits/118 g	0.6	−0.1 to 1.3	0.036	0.5	−0.2 to 1.3	0.051	0.1	−0.6 to 0.9	0.669	0.5	−0.2 to 1.3	0.079
Grapes/100 g	0.8	−0.1 to 1.6	0.022	0.7	−0.2 to 1.6	0.039	−0.3	−1.5 to 0.9	0.546	0.2	−0.5 to 0.9	0.428
Citrus family fruits/92 g	0.3	−0.2 to 0.9	0.149	0.2	−0.3 to 0.8	0.316	−0.2	−0.8 to 0.5	0.542	−0.1	−0.6 to 0.5	0.799
Rhubarb/130 g	0.8	−0.6 to 2.2	0.143	0.7	−0.7 to 2.1	0.181	0.7	−0.8 to 2.2	0.233	0.0	−1.4 to 1.3	0.937
Berries/48 g	0.3	−0.2 to 0.8	0.151	0.2	−0.3 to 0.7	0.233	−0.1	−0.7 to 0.5	0.733	0.0	−0.5 to 0.4	0.839
Bananas/100 g	0.1	−0.4 to 0.6	0.718	0.0	−0.5 to 0.6	0.893	−0.1	−0.8 to 0.6	0.668	−0.4	−0.9 to 0.2	0.073
Pomes/116 g	0.1	−0.3 to 0.4	0.670	0.0	−0.3 to 0.4	0.805	0.0	−0.4 to 0.4	0.867	−0.1	−0.4 to 0.3	0.586
Dried fruits/28 g	0.4	−0.0 to 0.9	0.016	0.4	−0.0 to 0.9	0.017	0.4	−0.2 to 0.9	0.072	−0.1	−0.5 to 0.6	0.734
Other food groups
Sauces/83 g	0.4	−2.0 to 2.7	0.691	0.1	−2.3 to 2.5	0.910	−1.0	−4.0 to 1.9	0.357	−0.7	−2.9 to 1.6	0.441
Pickles/chutneys/35 g	−0.1	−1.4 to 1.2	0.822	−0.2	−1.5 to 1.1	0.743	0.0	−1.5 to 1.4	0.957	0.3	−1.1 to 1.6	0.601
Soups/163 g	0.9	−0.2 to 2.0	0.035	0.9	−0.2 to 2.0	0.038	0.3	−1.1 to 1.7	0.587	0.4	−0.6 to 1.4	0.301
Confectionery and spreads/44 g	0.0	−0.3 to 0.3	0.950	−0.0	−0.3 to 0.3	0.867	−0.1	−0.5 to 0.3	0.484	0.0	−0.3 to 0.3	0.891
Nuts and seeds/24 g	0.1	−0.3 to 0.5	0.449	0.1	−0.2 to 0.5	0.421	0.1	−0.2 to 0.5	0.368	−0.1	−0.5 to 0.3	0.376
Savoury snacks/26 g	−0.9	−1.7 to −0.1	0.006	−0.9	−1.8 to 0.1	0.017	−0.5	−1.5 to 0.5	0.196	−0.7	−1.6 to 0.3	0.075
Biscuits/15 g	−0.1	−0.5 to 0.2	0.297	−0.2	−0.5 to 0.2	0.155	−0.2	−0.6 to 0.2	0.232	−0.2	−0.5 to 0.2	0.211
Cakes/66 g	0.3	−1.1 to 1.6	0.592	−0.0	−1.6 to 1.5	0.934	−0.8	2.5 to 0.9	0.220	0.7	−0.8 to 2.3	0.226
Pastries and puddings/84 g	−0.3	−1.4 to 0.7	0.402	−0.3	−1.5 to 0.8	0.413	−0.8	−2.1 to 0.5	0.121	−0.5	−1.6 to 0.5	0.182
Drinks and beverages
Tea/260 g	−0.1	−0.2 to 0.1	0.148	−0.1	−0.3 to 0.0	0.042	−0.1	−0.3 to 0.1	0.103	0.0	0.2 to 0.1	0.450
Herbal tea/260 g	0.1	−0.3 to 0.4	0.648	0.1	−0.2 to 0.4	0.415	0.1	−0.2 to 0.5	0.298	0.0	−0.3 to 0.3	0.967
Coffee/190 g	0.0	−0.1 to 0.2	0.470	0.1	−0.1 to 0.2	0.249	0.0	−0.2 to 0.2	0.842	0.0	−0.2 to 0.1	0.641
Other hot beverages/23 g	0.1	−0.4 to 0.5	0.742	0.1	−0.4 to 0.6	0.650	0.0	−0.6 to 0.6	0.995	−0.2	−0.7 to 0.3	0.299
Juices/145 g	0.2	−0.2 to 0.6	0.243	0.1	−0.3 to 0.6	0.400	0.0	−0.5 to 0.5	0.896	0.1	−0.3 to 0.5	0.448
Soft drinks/111 g	−0.7	−1.5 to 0.1	0.022	−0.8	−1.6 to 0.1	0.016	−0.5	−1.3 to 0.3	0.085	0.0	−1.1 to 1.1	0.988
Low calorie/diet soft drinks/161 g	−0.1	−0.7 to 0.4	0.516	−0.1	−0.7 to 0.5	0.566	−0.2	−1.0 to 0.5	0.431	−0.2	−0.7 to 0.3	0.333
Wines/1 g	−0.2	−0.6 to 0.3	0.275	0.1	−0.5 to 0.8	0.563	0.1	−0.6 to 0.7	0.768	−0.3	−1.1 to 0.5	0.325
Beer and cider/1 g	−0.5	−1.1 to 0.2	0.053	−0.5	−1.3 to 0.3	0.093	0.0	−0.7 to 0.7	0.871	−0.2	−1.7 to 1.3	0.690
Port, sherry, liqueurs/1 g	0.9	−0.6 to 2.5	0.112	1.1	−0.5 to 2.7	0.068	1.1	−0.8 to 3.1	0.139	0.4	−1.0 to 1.8	0.420
Spirits/1 g	−0.3	−1.1 to 0.4	0.215	−0.1	−1.0 to 0.7	0.686	−0.1	−0.9 to 0.7	0.668	0.4	−0.7 to 1.5	0.368

*Difference in age at natural menopause, unadjusted model (n=914).
†Difference in age at natural menopause, model adjusted for the following factors: physical activity level, alcohol consumption, smoking, social class (n=838).
‡Difference in age at natural menopause for those aged 50 years or below in the fully adjusted model (n=477).
§Difference in age at natural menopause for those aged above 50 years in the fully adjusted model (n=361).