Beta-coefficients (95% CI) for the relation of nursery and early school attendance with an SD increase in biomedical outcomes at age 44/45 years
| Mean (SD) | N | No nursery | Nursery attended | Normal-late school attendance (≥5 years) | Early school attendance (<5 years) | |
| Sex-adjusted | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.4 (5.0) | 9210 | Ref. | 0.01 (-0.05 to 0.07) | Ref. | 0.00 (−0.04 to 0.05) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 127.2 (16.8) | 9257 | – | −0.07 (-0.12 to–0.01) | – | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 79.2 (10.9) | 9257 | – | −0.05 (− 0.11 to 0.01) | – | 0.02 (− 0.02 to 0.06) |
| HbA1c , % | 1.7 (0.1) | 7923 | – | −0.04 (− 0.11 to 0.02) | – | −0.01 (− 0.06 to 0.04) |
| FEV1, L | 3.2 (0.9) | 9091 | – | 0.06 (0.01 to 0.11) | – | 0.04 (0.00 to 0.08) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.9 (1.1) | 7824 | – | 0.03 (− 0.04 to 0.10) | – | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.08) |
| HDL, mmol/L | 0.4 (0.2) | 7808 | – | 0.03 (− 0.04 to 0.09) | – | 0.02 (− 0.03 to 0.06) |
| LDL, mmol/L | 3.4 (0.9) | 7391 | – | 0.05 (− 0.02 to 0.12) | – | 0.03 (− 0.02 to 0.08) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 0.5 (0.6) | 7799 | – | −0.02 (− 0.08 to 0.04) | – | 0.03 (− 0.02 to 0.07) |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 1.1 (0.2) | 7683 | – | −0.06 (− 0.13 to 0.01) | – | −0.04 (− 0.08 to 0.01) |
| CRP, g/L | 0.0 (1.2) | 7692 | – | −0.06 (− 0.13 to 0.01) | – | 0.02 (− 0.03 to 0.06) |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 5.1 (0.6) | 7651 | – | 0.00 (− 0.07 to 0.07) | – | −0.01 (− 0.05 to 0.04) |
| tPA, ng/mL | 1.5 (0.6) | 7692 | – | −0.06 (− 0.12 to 0.01) | – | 0.01 (− 0.04 to 0.05) |
| vWF, IU/dL | 4.8 (0.3) | 7693 | – | −0.03 (− 0.10 to 0.04) | – | −0.02 (− 0.07 to 0.03) |
| Multiply-adjusted | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | – | 9210 | – | 0.06 (0.00 to 0.13) | – | 0.02 (− 0.02 to 0.06) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | – | 9257 | – | −0.05 (− 0.11 to 0.01) | – | 0.03 (− 0.01 to 0.07) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | – | 9257 | – | −0.03 (− 0.09 to 0.03) | – | 0.02 (− 0.02 to 0.07) |
| HbA1c, % | – | 7923 | – | −0.01 (− 0.08 to 0.05) | – | 0.00 (− 0.05 to 0.05) |
| FEV1, L | – | 9091 | – | 0.03 (− 0.02 to 0.09) | – | 0.02 (− 0.01 to 0.06) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | – | 7824 | – | 0.04 (− 0.03 to 0.11) | – | 0.04 (− 0.01 to 0.08) |
| HDL, mmol/L | – | 7808 | – | −0.01 (− 0.08 to 0.05) | – | 0.00 (− 0.04 to 0.05) |
| LDL, mmol/L | – | 7391 | – | 0.07 (0.00 to 0.14) | – | 0.03 (− 0.01 to 0.08) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | – | 7799 | – | 0.02 (− 0.05 to 0.08) | – | 0.04 (0.00 to 0.09) |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | – | 7683 | – | −0.02 (− 0.08 to 0.05) | – | −0.02 (− 0.07 to 0.03) |
| CRP, g/L | – | 7692 | – | −0.01 (− 0.08 to 0.06) | – | 0.04 (− 0.01 to 0.08) |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | – | 7651 | – | 0.02 (− 0.04 to 0.09) | – | 0.00 (− 0.04 to 0.05) |
| tPA, ng/mL | – | 7692 | – | −0.04 (− 0.10 to 0.03) | – | 0.02 (− 0.03 to 0.06) |
| vWF, IU/dL | – | 7693 | – | −0.01 (− 0.07 to 0.06) | – | −0.01 (− 0.06 to 0.04) |
Multiple-adjustment is adjustment for potential confounders measured at birth (father’s social class, mother’s attendance at postcompulsory school, overcrowding in the home, mother’s smoking status prior to pregnancy, mother’s weight) and 7 years (maternal interest in the child’s education, breast feeding).
CRP, C reactive protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; vWF, von Willebrand factor.