Predictors of intercepts and slopes of change of each cognitive function domain in 5777 women, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 2002–2003 to 2010–2011
| Covariate | Memory intercept | Memory slope | Executive function intercept | Executive function slope | Processing speed intercept | Processing speed slope | Global cognitive function intercept | Global cognitive function slope |
| Demographic | ||||||||
| Age† | −0.034 (0.001)*** | −0.004 (0.000)*** | −0.025 (0.001)*** | −0.004 (0.000)*** | −0.024 (0.001)*** | −0.003 (0.000)*** | −0.032 (0.001)*** | −0.005 (0.000)*** |
| Socioeconomic | ||||||||
| Wealth (middle)† | −0.093 (0.026)*** | – | −0.078 (0.027)** | – | – | – | −0.088 (0.022)*** | – |
| Wealth (low)† | −0.233 (0.028)*** | – | −0.209 (0.030)*** | – | −0.124 (0.032)*** | – | −0.230 (0.024)*** | – |
| Childhood SES (middle)† | −0.086 (0.027)** | – | −0.080 (0.028)** | – | – | – | −0.079 (0.023)** | – |
| Childhood SES (low)† | −0.145 (0.027)*** | 0.021 (0.007)* | −0.136 (0.028)*** | – | −0.111 (0.031)*** | – | −0.149 (0.023)*** | 0.020 (0.007)* |
| Education (middle)† | −0.112 (0.034)** | – | −0.240 (0.035)*** | – | −0.088 (0.039)* | – | −0.169 (0.029)*** | – |
| Education (low)† | −0.316 (0.035)*** | −0.026 (0.012)* | −0.456 (0.036)*** | – | −0.130 (0.040)** | -– | −0.369 (0.030)*** | – |
| Health | ||||||||
| CVD‡ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Diabetes‡ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Physical functioning | ||||||||
| ADL§ | −0.200 (0.024)*** | – | −0.167 (0.025)*** | – | −0.122 (0.027)*** | – | −0.196 (0.020)*** | −0.013 (0.006)* |
| Poor mobility‡ | – | −0.020 (0.010)* | – | – | −0.086 (0.031)** | – | – | – |
| Health behaviours | ||||||||
| BMI¶ | – | – | 0.006 (0.002)** | – | – | |||
| Current smoker‡ | – | – | – | – | – | −0.025 (0.010)* | – | −0.020 (0.007)** |
| Daily alcohol drinking‡ | 0.100 (0.024) | – | 0.104 (0.025) *** | – | – | – | −0.100 (0.020)*** | – |
| Physically inactive‡ | − 0.098 (0.024)*** | − 0.018 (0.009) * | − 0.118 (0.025)*** | – | −0.136 (0.027)*** | – | − 0.123 (0.020) *** | − 0.016 (0.007) * |
| Depression‡ | −0.049 (0.022)** | – | – | – | −0.070 (0.025)** | – | −0.046 (0.019)** | – |
| Dementia‡ | −0.524 (0.061)*** | −0.184 (0.026)*** | −0.275 (0.063)*** | −0.210 (0.027)*** | −0.362 (0.069)*** | −0.069 (0.028)* | −0.452 (0.052)*** | −0.197 (0.020)*** |
***P<0.001, **P<0.01, *P<0.05.
†Measured at baseline.
‡Ever reported between waves 1 and 5.
§Ever reported 1+ limitations with ADL.
¶Average between wave 0, wave 2 and wave 4.
Cognitive function domain scores are standardised to the z-score, mean 0 and SD 1. All predictors were entered simultaneously. Cells with dashes represent non-significant effects.
ADL, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; SES, socioeconomic status.