HAZ (n=77 289) | WAZ (n=77 944) | WHZ (n=77 103) | ECDI z-scores (n=85 372) | |||||
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
Maternal education | ||||||||
Primary | 0.21*** (0.18 to 0.24) | 0.17*** (0.14 to 0.20) | 0.16*** (0.13 to 0.18) | 0.13*** (0.10 to 0.15) | 0.04** (0.01 to 0.06) | 0.03* (0.01 to 0.06) | 0.16*** (0.14 to 0.18) | 0.13*** (0.11 to 0.15) |
Secondary or higher | 0.52*** (0.49 to 0.56) | 0.37*** (0.33 to 0.41) | 0.37*** (0.34 to 0.40) | 0.25*** (0.23 to 0.28) | 0.06*** (0.03 to 0.09) | 0.04* (0.01 to 0.07) | 0.44*** (0.42 to 0.46) | 0.31*** (0.29 to 0.34) |
Paternal education | ||||||||
Primary | 0.13*** (0.10 to 0.17) | 0.11*** (0.08 to 0.15) | 0.12*** (0.10 to 0.15) | 0.11*** (0.08 to 0.13) | 0.05** (0.02 to 0.08) | 0.05** (0.02 to 0.08) | 0.11*** (0.09 to 0.13) | 0.09*** (0.07 to 0.11) |
Secondary or higher | 0.32*** (0.28 to 0.35) | 0.20*** (0.16 to 0.24) | 0.23*** (0.20 to 0.26) | 0.15*** (0.12 to 0.18) | 0.05** (0.02 to 0.08) | 0.04* (0.00 to 0.07) | 0.25*** (0.23 to 0.27) | 0.16*** (0.14 to 0.18) |
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
ECDI, Early Childhood Development Index; HAZ, height-for-age z-score; WAZ, weight-for-age z-score; WHZ, weight-for-height z-score.