Table 3

Regression coefficients showing associations between club and society membership and well-being

	Experienced						Evaluative			Eudemonic
	Negative affect			Positive affect			Life satisfaction			Control autonomy			Self-realisation
	OR	P value	CI	OR	P value	CI	β	P value	CI	β	P value	CI	β	P value	CI
Model 1
Education, arts, music	0.71	0.004	0.57 to 0.90	0.98	0.87	0.77 to 1.25	0.58	0.031	0.05 to 1.11	0.20	0.12	–0.05 to 0.46	0.08	0.55	–0.18 to 0.34
Church or religious	0.79	0.028	0.65 to 0.98	1.54	<0.001	1.25 to 1.90	0.18	0.44	–0.28 to 0.65	0.06	0.62	–0.17 to 0.28	0.02	0.87	–0.21 to 0.25
Sports or exercise	0.81	0.039	0.67 to 0.99	1.15	0.17	0.94 to 1.41	0.16	0.49	–0.29 to 0.61	0.25	0.023	0.04 to 0.47	0.12	0.34	–0.11 to 0.33
Charitable	1.13	0.25	0.91 to 1.41	0.98	0.89	0.79 to 1.23	0.34	0.18	–0.15 to 0.82	–0.14	0.24	–0.38 to 0.10	0.05	0.69	–0.20 to 0.29
Social clubs	1.09	0.42	0.88 to 1.35	0.97	0.81	0.78 to 1.22	– 0.05	0.85	–0.53 to 0.44	–0.03	0.80	–0.27 to 0.20	0.04	0.74	–0.20 to 0.28
Political, union, environment	0.99	0.91	0.78 to 1.25	1.09	0.52	0.85 to 1.39	–0.17	0.55	–0.71 to 0.38	–0.10	0.46	–0.36 to 0.16	0.04	0.75	–0.23 to 0.31
Resident or neighbourhood	0.96	0.71	0.78 to 1.18	1.15	0.20	0.93 to 1.42	0.10	0.66	–0.36 to 0.57	–0.08	0.51	–0.15 to 0.30	0.11	0.34	–0.12 to 0.35
Other	0.90	0.29	0.75 to 1.09	0.97	0.79	0.80 to 1.19	–0.08	0.72	–0.51 to 0.35	–0.09	0.37	–0.11 to 0.30	0.10	0.35	–0.11 to 0.32
Model 2
Education, arts, music	0.73	0.007	0.57 to 0.92	0.97	0.78	0.76 to 1.23	0.55	0.041	0.02 to 1.08	0.18	0.17	–0.07 to 0.43	0.07	0.62	–0.20 to 0.33
Church or religious	0.79	0.03	0.65 to 0.98	1.54	<0.001	1.25 to 1.90	0.18	0.45	–0.29 to 0.64	0.05	0.67	–0.18 to 0.27	0.02	0.85	–0.21 to 0.25
Sports or exercise	0.87	0.17	0.72 to 1.06	1.12	0.29	0.91 to 1.37	0.07	0.75	–0.37 to 0.52	0.18	0.11	–0.04 to 0.39	0.07	0.56	–0.15 to 0.29
Charitable	1.13	0.26	0.91 to 1.41	0.99	0.93	0.79 to 1.24	0.34	0.17	–0.15 to 0.83	–0.14	0.24	–0.38 to 0.09	0.06	0.65	–0.19 to 0.30
Social clubs	1.07	0.55	0.86 to 1.32	0.99	0.93	0.79 to 1.24	–0.01	0.95	–0.50 to 0.47	–0.01	0.95	–0.24 to 0.23	0.06	0.62	–0.18 to 0.30
Political, union, environment	0.99	0.96	0.78 to 1.26	1.08	0.56	0.84 to 1.38	–0.18	0.51	–0.73 to 0.36	–0.11	0.41	–0.37 to 0.15	0.03	0.82	–0.24 to 0.30
Resident or neighbourhood	0.95	0.64	0.77 to 1.17	1.15	0.21	0.93 to 1.42	0.11	0.64	–0.35 to 0.58	0.08	0.49	–0.15 to 0.30	0.12	0.32	–0.11 to 0.34
Other	0.91	0.35	0.76 to 1.10	0.97	0.75	0.79 to 1.18	–0.10	0.64	–0.53 to 0.33	0.08	0.45	–0.13 to 0.29	0.10	0.37	–0.11 to 0.31

Bold signifies a P value of 0.05 or lower (precise P values are shown in the table).
Model 1 adjusted for baseline well-being, sex, age, marital status, ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status and wealth. Model 2 additionally adjusted for eyesight, hearing, having a chronic health condition (including cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, diabetes or angina) or having had a chronic health condition in the last two years (including cancer and a stroke), and chronic pain.
OR, OR (logistic regression models); β, beta coefficient (linear regression models).