Characteristics | Total | Highest income trajectory | Second highest income trajectory | Second lowest income trajectory | Downward income trajectory | Lowest income trajectory | p Value (χ2)* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 534 294 | 70 745 | 221 445 | 110 733 | 67 484 | 63 887 | |
Average income in Swedish Krona (SD) | 294 405 (92 733) | 463 678 (72 335) | 322 055 (32 745) | 245 950 (25 171) | 228 656 (29 412) | 164 560 (22 816) | |
Sex | |||||||
Women | 259 968 (49%) | 34 427 (49%) | 107 433 (49%) | 53 881 (49%) | 33 124 (49%) | 31 103 (49%) | 0.15 |
Men | 274 326 (51%) | 36 318 (51%) | 114 012 (51%) | 56 852 (51%) | 34 360 (51%) | 32 784 (51%) | |
Foreign-born biological mother | 59 013 (11%) | 5194 (7%) | 18 513 (8%) | 15 767 (14%) | 8145 (12%) | 11 394 (18%) | <0.01 |
Parental psychiatric disorder | 50 796 (10%) | 2901 (4) | 12 982 (6) | 11 706 (11) | 10 418 (15) | 12 789 (20) | <0.01 |
Mother's age at child's birth (mean, SD) | 28.5 (5.1) | 31.5 (4.4) | 28.8 (4.7) | 27.1 (5.0) | 28.4 (5.1) | 26.9 (5.6) | |
Highest parental educational attainment | |||||||
0–9 years | 27 357 (5%) | 944 (1%) | 7911 (4%) | 7668 (7%) | 4377 (6%) | 6457 (10%) | <0.01 |
10–12 years | 272 976 (51%) | 14 851 (21%) | 109 642 (50%) | 68 091 (61%) | 40 138 (59%) | 40 254 (63%) | |
13+ years | 233 812 (44%) | 54 941 (78%) | 103 864 (47%) | 34 945 (32%) | 22 935 (34%) | 17 127 (27%) | |
Missing | 149 (<0.5%) | 9 (<0.5%) | 28 (<0.5%) | 29 (<0.5%) | 34 (<0.5%) | 49 (<0.5%) | |
Single-parent household all years | 32 557 (6%) | 115 (<0.5%) | 1082 (<0.5%) | 6424 (6%) | 3355 (5%) | 21 581 (34%) | <0.01 |
Psychiatric outcomes | |||||||
Any psychiatric diagnosis before age 15 years | 17 273 (3%) | 1759 (2%) | 5985 (3%) | 3739 (3%) | 2758 (4%) | 3032 (5%) | <0.01 |
Any psychiatric diagnosis after age 15 years | 66 946 (13%) | 6589 (9%) | 22 787 (10%) | 14 920 (13%) | 10 790 (16%) | 11 860 (19%) | <0.01 |
Substance misuse | 19 573 (4%) | 1783 (3%) | 6140 (3%) | 4327 (4%) | 3374 (5%) | 3949 (6%) | <0.01 |
Psychotic disorders | 1802 (<0.5%) | 142 (<0.5%) | 586 (<0.5%) | 407 (<0.5%) | 309 (0%) | 358 (1%) | <0.01 |
Mood disorders | 20 433 (4%) | 1971 (3%) | 7004 (3%) | 4521 (4%) | 3357 (5%) | 3580 (6%) | <0.01 |
Anxiety spectrum disorders | 26 432 (5%) | 2298 (3%) | 8756 (4%) | 5917 (5%) | 4480 (7%) | 4981 (8%) | <0.01 |
Eating disorders | 5061 (1%) | 871 (1%) | 2044 (1%) | 962 (1%) | 627 (1%) | 557 (1%) | <0.01 |
ADHD | 9299 (2%) | 714 (1%) | 2862 (1%) | 2228 (2%) | 1557 (2%) | 1938 (3%) | <0.01 |
*Statistical significance evaluated by χ2 tests.
ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.