Baseline characteristics of study population by gender, location and level of education
| Total number | Rural Ghana n=974 | Urban Ghana n=1400 | Europe n=2916 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elementary | Secondary | Higher | Elementary | Secondary | Higher | Elementary | Secondary | Higher | |
| Men | |||||||||
| Number of participants, N | 158 | 146 | 77 | 92 | 176 | 123 | 159 | 492 | 576 |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 47.7 (12.2) | 46.0 (12.6) | 43.3 (13.8) | 47.9 (11.3) | 46.7 (11.4) | 45.5 (12.9) | 50.0 (8.3) | 47.7 (9.3) | 46.3 (11.4) |
| Obesity BMI≥30 kg/m2, n (%) | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 3 (3.9) | 3 (3.3) | 11 (6.3) | 11 (8.9) | 28 (17.6) | 93 (18.9) | 100 (17.4) |
| High occupation class, n (%) | 5 (3.3) | 8 (5.7) | 33 (44.0) | 16 (17.8) | 41 (23.8) | 65 (54.6) | 12 (10.3) | 88 (22.5) | 261 (55.8) |
| Low physical activity (%) | 12 (7.6) | 12 (8.3) | 17 (22.1) | 27 (30.3) | 25 (14.4) | 35 (28.7) | 21 (15.5) | 62 (20.1) | 86 (24.9) |
| Total energy intake ≥3500 kcal/day, n (%) | 19 (14.5) | 12 (9.5) | 11 (15.5) | 2 (2.2) | 6 (3.5) | 7 (5.7) | 15 (15.5) | 62 (20.1) | 86 (24.9) |
| Mean years since migration, (SD)* | – | 17.6 (8.7) | 16.9 (9.3) | 16.8 (10.4) | |||||
| Women | |||||||||
| Number of participants, N | 397 | 165 | 31 | 522 | 371 | 116 | 476 | 621 | 592 |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 48.3 (12.3) | 43.1 (11.9) | 42.9 (13.9) | 46.7 (11.1) | 43.1 (10.6) | 41.0 (12.0) | 47.8 (7.8) | 45.7 (9.2) | 45.2 (10.8) |
| Obesity BMI≥30 kg/m2, n (%) | 30 (7.6) | 15 (9.2) | 3 (9.7) | 178 (34.1) | 116 (31.3) | 44 (37.9) | 241 (50.8) | 308 (49.8) | 279 (47.4) |
| High occupation class, n (%) | 36 (9.6) | 17 (11.3) | 18 (60.0) | 172 (36.6) | 123 (34.7) | 70 (64.2) | 26 (10.1) | 139 (30.6) | 332 (67.8) |
| Low physical activity, n (%) | 90 (22.7) | 38 (22.9) | 10 (32.3) | 244 (46.9) | 115 (31.3) | 47 (40.9) | 89 (23.9) | 161 (31.9) | 154 (32.1) |
| Total energy intake ≥3500 kcal/day, n (%) | 43 (12.4) | 17 (11.9) | 5 (18.5) | 12 (2.3) | 24 (6.7) | 9 (7.8) | 27 (9.0) | 73 (19.5) | 77 (23.8) |
| Mean years since migration, (SD)* | 16.7 (8.3) | 16.8 (9.8) | 17.8 (10.2) | ||||||
*Restricted to participants in Europe.
BMI, body mass index.