Long-term low poverty % or mean (95% CI) | Long-term moderate poverty % or mean (95% CI) | Long-term high poverty % or mean (95% CI) | Increasing poverty % or mean (95% CI) | Decreasing poverty % or mean (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychosocial well-being | |||||
Depressive symptoms (%)† | 17.0 (14.0 to 19.9) | 23. 1 (19.3 to 26.8) | 22.4 (18.2 to 26.6) | 23.1 (19.4 to 26.7) | 9.8 (6.3 to 13.4) |
Number of stressors (mean) | 0.61 (0.52 to 0.69) | 0.81 (0.70 to 0.92) | 0.88 (0.75 to 1.01) | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.01) | 0.55 (0.42 to 0.67) |
Sense of control (mean) | 23.1 (22.8 to 23.4) | 22.1 (21.8 to 22.4) | 21.4 (21.1 to 21.8) | 21.9 (21.6 to 22.2) | 23.2 (22.8 to 23.7) |
Demographic characteristics | |||||
Age (mean) | 38.7 (38.2 to 39.2) | 35.5 (34.9 to 36.1) | 34.4 (33.8 to 35.0) | 35.1 (34.6 to 35.7) | 37.2 (36.4 to 38.0) |
Race/ethnicity (%) | |||||
Asian/Pacific Islander | 26.0 (22.1 to 29.9) | 11.2 (7.6 to 14.7) | 4.9 (2.6 to 7.3) | 10.4 (7.4 to 13.4) | 26.2 (19.5 to 33.0) |
Black | 4.1 (3.0 to 5.1) | 5.7 (4.3 to 7.1) | 11.2 (9.0 to 13.3) | 7.2 (5.7 to 8.7) | 3.5 (1.9 to 5.1) |
Latina, immigrant | 12.8 (9.9 to 15.7) | 42.4 (38.1 to 46.8) | 60.3 (55.8 to 64.8) | 48.6 (44.4 to 52.8) | 14.4 (9.6 to 19.2) |
Latina, US born | 12.9 (10.4 to 15.5) | 14.8 (11.8 to 17.8) | 19.8 (16.0 to 23.6) | 19.0 (15.7 to 22.4) | 16.7 (11.8 to 21.7) |
White | 44.2 (40.4 to 48.0) | 25.9 (22.5 to 29.4) | 3.9 (2.4 to 5.4) | 14.8 (12.1 to 17.4) | 39.2 (33.0 to 45.3) |
Relationship status (%) | |||||
Married/cohabitating | 88.2 (85.7 to 90.7) | 81.5 (78.1 to 84.8) | 75.2 (71.2 to 79.3) | 81.7 (78.3 to 85.1) | 91.2 (87.6 to 94.9) |
Previously/never married | 11.8 (9.3 to 14.3) | 18.5 (15.2 to 21.9) | 24.8 (20.7 to 28.8) | 18.3 (14.9 to 21.7) | 8.8 (5.1 to 12.4) |
No. of children in household (mean) | 2.5 (2.4 to 2.6) | 2.9 (2.8 to 3.1) | 3.3 (3.1 to 3.4) | 2.9 (2.8 to 3.0) | 2.5 (2.4 to 2.7) |
Individuals' socioeconomic characteristics | |||||
Educational attainment (%) | |||||
Did not complete high school | 6.4 (4.3 to 8.5) | 24.7 (20.9 to 28.4) | 36.3 (31.6 to 40.9) | 25.7 (22.0 to 29.5) | 7.2 (3.7 to 10.6) |
High school graduate/GED | 10.6 (8.0 to 13.2) | 23.2 (19.3 to 27.1) | 32.8 (28.1 to 37.6) | 29.5 (25.3 to 33.6) | 12.4 (7.4 to 17.4) |
Some college | 22.5 (19.2 to 25.8) | 24.3 (20.4 to 28.2) | 20.5 (16.7 to 24.3) | 23.7 (20.2 to 27.2) | 23.7 (17.7 to 29.7) |
College or more | 60.5 (56.6 to 64.4) | 27.8 (24.2 to 31.5) | 10.4 (7.7 to 13.1) | 21.1 (17.8 to 24.3) | 56.7 (50.0 to 63.5) |
Income (%) | |||||
≤100% Federal poverty level | 8.8 (6.3 to 11.3) | 32.9 (28.8 to 37.1) | 57.6 (52.7 to 62.4) | 41.6 (37.4 to 45.8) | 14.8 (9.7 to 20.0) |
101–200% Federal poverty level | 12.1 (9.5 to 14.7) | 24.9 (21.0 to 28.8) | 26.1 (21.7 to 30.5) | 25.1 (21.2 to 28.9) | 11.5 (7.2 to 15.7) |
201–400% Federal poverty level | 23.8 (20.4 to 27.2) | 19.8 (16.1 to 23.5) | 9.7 (7.0 to 12.4) | 16.4 (13.3 to 19.6) | 24.7 (18.6 to 30.7) |
>400% Federal poverty level | 55.3 (51.5. 59.3) | 22.4 (19.0 to 25.7) | 6.6 (4.5 to 8.8) | 16.9 (14.0 to 19.8) | 49.0 (42.3 to 55.8) |
Duration of residence (%) | |||||
<1 month 1−11 months | 0.8 (0.0 to 1.7) 6.1 (4.2 to 8.0) | 0.5 (0.0 to 1.0) 6.9 (4.6 to 9.2) | 1.1 (0.1 to 2.1) 6.2 (3.8 to 8.6) | 0.5 (0.0 to 1.0) 8.8 (6.4 to 11.2) | 0.3 (0.0 to 0.8) 4.3 (1.9 to 6.7) |
1–5 years | 20.9 (17.7 to 24.2) | 26.5 (22.5 to 30.6) | 28.4 (23.9 to 32.9) | 23.7 (19.9 to 27.4) | 34.2 (27.6 to 40.8) |
6–10 years | 34.9 (31.1 to 38.6) | 32.8 (28.7 to 37.0) | 26.6 (22.2 to 31.1) | 33.3 (29.2 to 37.4) | 34.1 (27.7 to 40.5) |
>10 years | 37.2 (33.5 to 41.0) | 33.3 (29.2 to 37.4) | 37.7 (32.9 to 42.5) | 33.7 (29.7 to 37.8) | 27.2 (21.5 to 32.9) |
* Column percentages reported. Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.
†Depressive symptoms experienced for 2 weeks or more in past 12 months.