Occurrence of dementia in people admitted to hospital after an admission for an autoimmune disease
| Autoimmune disease (ICD code)* | Any dementia (F00–F01, F03, G30) | Alzheimer's disease (F00, G30) | Vascular dementia (F01) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of people with dementia in each autoimmune disease cohort | Adjusted rate ratio† (95% CI) | p Value | Number of people with Alzheimer's disease in each autoimmune disease cohort | Adjusted rate ratio† (95% CI) | p Value | Number of people with vascular dementia in each autoimmune disease cohort | Adjusted rate ratio† (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Addison's disease (E27.1) | 370 | 1.48 (1.34 to 1.64) | <0.001 | 89 | 1.30 (1.04 to 1.60) | 0.02 | 101 | 1.53 (1.25 to 1.86) | <0.001 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis (M45) | 519 | 1.07 (0.98 to 1.17) | 0.12 | 150 | 1.12 (0.95 to 1.31) | 0.18 | 146 | 1.05 (0.88 to 1.23) | 0.60 |
| Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (D59.1) | 287 | 1.02 (0.90 to 1.14) | 0.77 | 60 | 0.80 (0.61 to 1.03) | 0.09 | 82 | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.38) | 0.36 |
| Chronic active hepatitis (K73.2) | 110 | 1.18 (0.97 to 1.42) | 0.09 | 33 | 1.21 (0.84 to 1.71) | 0.31 | 33 | 1.41 (0.97 to 1.97) | 0.06 |
| Crohn's disease (K50) | 2014 | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.15) | <0.001 | 537 | 1.5 (0.96 to 1.15) | 0.25 | 517 | 1.07 (0.98 to 1.16) | 0.15 |
| Coeliac disease (K90.0) | 1196 | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.14) | 0.009 | 284 | 0.91 (0.81 to 1.02) | 0.13 | 337 | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.26) | 0.02 |
| Dermatomyositis/polymyositis (M33) | 137 | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.31) | 0.24 | 32 | 0.92 (0.63 to 1.30) | 0.72 | 38 | 1.13 (0.80 to 1.55) | 0.52 |
| Goodpasture's syndrome (M13) | 19 | 1.16 (0.70 to 1.81) | 0.60 | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis (E06) | 182 | 0.96 (0.83 to 1.12) | 0.66 | 41 | 0.74 (0.53 to 1.01) | 0.06 | 54 | 1.09 (0.81 to 1.42) | 0.60 |
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (D69.3) | 853 | 1.15 (1.07 to 1.23) | <0.001 | 184 | 0.91 (0.79 to 1.06) | 0.23 | 264 | 1.32 (1.16 to 1.49) | <0.001 |
| Myasthenia gravis (G70.0) | 390 | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.01) | 0.08 | 101 | 0.87 (0.71 to 1.06) | 0.18 | 111 | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.15) | 0.65 |
| Multiple sclerosis (G35) | 1800 | 1.97 (1.88 to 2.07) | <0.001 | 250 | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.07) | 0.40 | 275 | 1.17 (1.04 to 1.32) | 0.01 |
| Myxoedema (E03.8–E03.9) | 48 146 | 1.20 (1.18 to 1.21) | <0.001 | 12 311 | 1.12 (1.10 to 1.15) | <0.001 | 13 605 | 1.30 (1.27 to 1.32) | <0.001 |
| Pemphigus (L10) | 103 | 1.33 (1.09 to 1.61) | 0.004 | 23 | 1.12 (0.71 to 1.68) | 0.68 | 38 | 1.77 (1.25 to 2.43) | <0.001 |
| Pemphigoid (L12) | 1137 | 1.53 (1.44 to 1.62) | <0.001 | 241 | 1.21 (1.06 to 1.38) | 0.003 | 331 | 1.65 (1.48 to 1.84) | <0.001 |
| Pernicious anaemia (D51.0) | 5093 | 1.31 (1.27 to 1.34) | <0.001 | 1262 | 1.20 (1.14 to 1.27) | <0.001 | 1442 | 1.41 (1.34 to 1.49) | <0.001 |
| Polyarteritis nodosa (M30.0) | 69 | 1.43 (1.12 to 1.82) | 0.003 | 11 | 0.80 (0.40 to 1.43) | 0.54 | 29 | 2.12 (1.42 to 3.05) | <0.001 |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis (K74.3) | 322 | 1.29 (1.15 to 1.44) | <0.001 | 76 | 1.05 (0.83 to 1.32) | 0.71 | 91 | 1.40 (1.13 to 1.72) | 0.002 |
| Psoriasis (L40) | 3039 | 1.29 (1.25 to 1.34) | <0.001 | 715 | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.17) | 0.03 | 930 | 1.43 (1.34 to 1.53) | <0.001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (M05-M06) | 14 264 | 1.13 (1.11 to 1.15) | <0.001 | 3075 | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.93) | <0.001 | 3765 | 1.16 (1.12 to 1.20) | <0.001 |
| Scleroderma (M34) | 261 | 1.16 (1.03 to 1.31) | 0.02 | 65 | 1.03 (0.80 to 1.31) | 0.85 | 83 | 1.48 (1.17 to 1.83) | <0.001 |
| Sjogren's syndrome (M35.0) | 528 | 1.14 (1.04 to 1.24) | 0.004 | 122 | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.08) | 0.29 | 160 | 1.29 (1.10 to 1.51) | 0.001 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (M32.1–M32.9) | 394 | 1.46 (1.32 to 1.61) | <0.001 | 77 | 0.97 (0.76 to 1.21) | 0.83 | 120 | 1.69 (1.40 to 2.02) | <0.001 |
| Thyrotoxicosis (E05) | 5813 | 1.31 (1.27 to 1.34) | <0.001 | 1416 | 1.17 (1.11 to 1.23) | <0.001 | 1699 | 1.45 (1.38 to 1.52) | <0.001 |
| Ulcerative colitis (K51) | 3617 | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.10) | <0.001 | 968 | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.08) | 0.65 | 987 | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.15) | 0.01 |
| All autoimmune diseases‡ | 81 502 | 1.20 (1.19 to 1.21) | <0.001 | 20 032 | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08) | <0.001 | 22 536 | 1.28 (1.26 to 1.31) | <0.001 |
Table contains observed number of people with dementia in each of the autoimmune disease cohorts, ratio of rate in the autoimmune disease cohorts to that in the control cohort, and 95% CIs for the rate ratio.
Data suppressed where there were <5 observed cases.
*ICD10 codes for each disease.
†Adjusted for sex, age in 5-year bands, time period in single calendar years, region of residence and deprivation score associated with patients’ area of residence, in quintiles. Rate ratios were calculated as the ratio of the observed/expected numbers in the cohort for autoimmune disease/dementia, to the observed/expected numbers in the control cohort.
‡People admitted to hospital with any of the reported autoimmune diseases.
Conditions used in control cohort, with Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys code edition 4 for operations and ICD10 code for diagnosis (with equivalent codes used for other coding editions): appendicectomy (H01–H03), hip arthroplasty (W37–W39), knee arthroplasty (W40–W42), tonsillectomy (E20, F24, F36), squint (H49–H51), otitis externa, otitis media (H60–H67), varicose veins (I83), haemorrhoids (I84), upper respiratory tract infections (J00–J06), deflected septum, nasal polyp (J33, J34.2), impacted tooth and other disorders of teeth (K00–K03), inguinal hernia (K40), ingrowing toenail and other diseases of nail (L60), sebaceous cyst (L72.1), bunion (M20.1), internal derangement of knee (M23), selected fractures (S42, S52, S62, S82, S92), dislocations, sprains and strains (S03, S13, S23, S33, S43, S53, S63, S73, S83, S93) and superficial injury and contusion (S00, S10, S20, S30, S40, S50, S60, S70, S80, S90).
ICD, International Classification of Diseases.