Characteristic | Unadjusted OR | Adjusted OR* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 99% CI | OR | 99% CI | |
Male gender | 0.47 | 0.46 to 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.46 to 0.48 |
Oral communication in the classroom | ||||
Poor | Ref | – | Ref | – |
Average | 3.26 | 2.67 to 3.98 | 3.03 | 2.48 to 3.69 |
Good | 22.03 | 18.11 to 26.81 | 19.01 | 15.62 to 23.13 |
Bilingual (vs monolingual) | 0.79 | 0.77 to 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.81 to 0.87 |
Indigenous (vs non-Indigenous) | 0.53 | 0.50 to 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.54 to 0.64 |
Early childhood education and care | ||||
Parental care only | Ref | Ref | ||
Non-parental care (excluding preschool) | 1.08 | 0.98 to 1.20 | 1.01 | 0.91 to 1.12 |
Preschool | 1.53 | 1.39 to 1.68 | 1.38 | 1.25 to 1.51 |
Area disadvantage | ||||
Most disadvantaged | Ref | Ref | ||
Quintile 2 | 1.18 | 1.10 to 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.08 to 1.25 |
Quintile 3 | 1.33 | 1.24 to 1.44 | 1.30 | 1.20 to 1.40 |
Quintile 4 | 1.42 | 1.32 to 1.53 | 1.37 | 1.27 to 1.48 |
Least disadvantaged | 1.68 | 1.56 to 1.82 | 1.62 | 1.49 to 1.75 |
Labour force unemployed | 0.94 | 0.93 to 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.94 to 0.96 |
Completed year 12 | 1.01 | 1.01 to 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.01 to 1.01 |
Young single parents <25 years | 0.90 | 0.88 to 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.90 to 0.93 |
Remoteness | ||||
Major cities | Ref | Ref | ||
Regional | 0.88 | 0.83 to 0.94 | 1.00 | 0.94 to 1.07 |
Remote | 0.77 | 0.64 to 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.83 to 1.19 |
*Adjusted for Indigenous status, gender and socioeconomic position, except for the effects of prevalence of unemployment, completion of 12 years of schooling, and young parents; these were adjusted for Indigenous status and gender only.
Ref, reference group.