Table 3

Combined effects of caregiving and psychosocial work factors on changes in health behaviours, adjusted for age, gender and marital status

 OR (95% CI) increased frequency of alcohol consumptionOR (95% CI) started to drink above recommended limit
Became caregiverBecame caregiver
NoYesNoYes
Job demands
 Low*1.01 (0.94 to 1.08)1.18 (0.81 to 1.73)0.91 (0.82 to 1.01)1.04 (0.59 to 1.81)
 Average(ref)1.04 (0.79 to 1.37)(ref)0.94 (0.64 to 1.39)
 High*0.99 (0.92 to 1.07)0.91 (0.63 to 1.33)1.10 (0.99 to 1.22)0.85 (0.51 to 1.43)
p Value interaction0.370.32
Decision latitude
 Low*0.99 (0.91 to 1.08)1.65 (1.15 to 2.37)0.97 (0.86 to 1.09)0.86 (0.46 to 1.58)
 Average(ref)0.96 (0.72 to 1.29)(ref)0.91 (0.62 to 1.35)
 High*1.01 (0.92 to 1.09)0.56 (0.36 to 0.88)1.03 (0.92 to 1.16)0.97 (0.57 to 1.66)
p Value interaction<0.0010.89
Social support
 Low*1.01 (0.95 to 1.09)1.26 (0.89 to 1.79)1.00 (0.91 to 1.10)0.96 (0.58 to 1.58)
 Average(ref)0.99 (0.74 to 1.32)(ref)0.91 (0.61 to 1.34)
 High*0.99 (0.92 to 1.06)0.78 (0.50 to 1.20)1.00 (0.91 to 1.10)0.86 (0.48 to 1.56)
p Value interaction0.100.80
Social class
 Administrative(ref)0.67 (0.40 to 1.07)(ref)0.94 (0.52 to 1.59)
 Professional/executive0.96 (0.82 to 1.12)1.03 (0.68 to 1.54)0.76 (0.62 to 0.94)0.74 (0.41 to 1.28)
 Clerical/support0.91 (0.69 to 1.20)2.38 (1.17 to 4.78)0.43 (0.28 to 0.66)0.18 (0.01 to 0.85)
p Value interaction0.0070.72
Total sample47492823884237
  OR (95% CI) Quitting smokingOR (95% CI) Reduced exercise below recommended amount
Became caregiverBecame caregiver
NoYesNoYes
Job demands
 Low*0.77 (0.62 to 0.95)2.24 (0.83 to 6.06)1.00 (0.91 to 1.11)1.07 (0.55 to 2.08)
 Average(ref)1.20 (0.55 to 2.62)(ref)1.04 (0.70 to 1.54)
 High*1.30 (1.05 to 1.61)0.64 (0.20 to 2.05)1.00 (0.90 to 1.10)1.00 (0.60 to 1.67)
p Value interaction0.0220.88
Decision latitude
 Low*1.04 (0.82 to 1.31)1.53 (0.61 to 3.85)1.25 (1.12 to 1.40)1.13 (0.66 to 1.93)
 Average(ref)1.19 (0.55 to 2.60)(ref)1.03 (0.71 to 1.51)
 High*0.97 (0.76 to 1.22)0.93 (0.29 to 3.00)0.80 (0.71 to 0.89)0.94 (0.55 to 1.63)
p Value interaction0.560.50
Social support
 Low*1.01 (0.83 to 1.22)0.61 (0.19 to 1.95)0.98 (0.89 to 1.08)0.98 (0.59 to 1.61)
 Average(ref)1.35 (0.63 to 2.98)(ref)1.03 (0.70 to 1.52)
 High*0.99 (0.82 to 1.20)2.99 (1.01 to 8.86)1.02 (0.93 to 1.12)1.10 (0.61 to 1.95)
p Value interaction0.0540.85
Social class
 Administrative(ref)0.54 (0.08 to 2.45)(ref)1.15 (0.59 to 2.10)
 Professional/executive0.67 (0.42 to 1.04)1.49 (0.53 to 4.10)1.44 (1.17 to 1.77)1.52 (0.88 to 2.57)
 Clerical/support0.42 (0.20 to 0.88)0.24 (0.01 to 1.44)2.67 (1.83 to 3.89)1.74 (0.56 to 5.33)
p Value interaction0.240.68
Total sample591352557140
  • *Low and high defined as 1 SD below and above the mean, respectively.