Child obesity and risk factors for the total sample, and by maternal educational level
| Maternal education level | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample | Degree level | Advanced vocational | Upper level secondary school | Lower level secondary school | No qualifications | |
| N unweighted (weighted) | 2957 | 972 (770) | 402 (367) | 658 (645) | 706 (832) | 152 (242) |
| Child obesity (46 months) | 11.1 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 14.3 | 10.5 | 17.2 |
| Child obesity (70 months) | 9.9 | 6.1 | 8.7 | 11.9 | 11.5 | 13.2 |
| Child obesity (94 months) | 13.1 | 8.2 | 11.2 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 19.1 |
| Child female gender | 48.4 | 47.7 | 50.5 | 47.8 | 48.8 | 45.8 |
| Maternal minority ethnic group | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 4.1 |
| Maternal obesity | 16.1 | 13.1 | 14.8 | 16.9 | 16.6 | 24.0 |
| Family income—lowest quintile | 24.7 | 4.4 | 17.6 | 21.0 | 39.8 | 59.1 |
| Area deprivation—highest quintile | 23.4 | 8.1 | 21.2 | 21.8 | 31.4 | 52.7 |
| Unhealthy diet | ||||||
| Sweets/chocolate (58 months) | 5.99 (0.04) | 5.60 (0.05) | 5.91 (0.08) | 5.95 (0.06) | 6.26 (0.06) | 6.56 (0.13) |
| Crisps (58 months) | 4.97 (0.04) | 4.39 (0.05) | 4.95 (0.08) | 4.96 (0.06) | 5.29 (0.07) | 5.76 (0.16) |
| Soft drinks (58 months) | 4.45 (0.10) | 3.74 (0.12) | 4.50 (0.17) | 4.56 (0.15) | 4.84 (0.16) | 5.07 (0.28) |
| Vegetables (58 months) | 1.60 (0.03) | 1.98 (0.05) | 1.71 (0.07) | 1.59 (0.05) | 1.33 (0.05) | 1.15 (0.11) |
| Fruit (58 months) | 1.96 (0.03) | 2.23 (0.04) | 2.10 (0.06) | 2.03 (0.05) | 1.69 (0.05) | 1.58 (0.09) |
| Skip breakfast (58 months) | 4.8 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 22.7 |
| Informal meal setting | ||||||
| Main meal in non-dining area (22 months) | 36.2 | 17.0 | 30.2 | 38.0 | 48.8 | 65.4 |
| Main meal in non-dining area (58 months) | 32.2 | 13.5 | 27.1 | 33.3 | 45.2 | 64.4 |
| Eat main meal watching TV (58 months) | 2.20 (0.03) | 1.83 (0.04) | 2.16 (0.06) | 2.21 (0.05) | 2.38 (0.05) | 2.83 (0.10) |
| Positive mealtime social interaction | ||||||
| Mealtimes are enjoyable (58 months) | 3.27 (0.02) | 3.34 (0.03) | 3.34 (0.05) | 3.28 (0.04) | 3.23 (0.03) | 3.07 (0.09) |
| Mealtimes give us time to talk (58 months) | 3.37 (0.02) | 3.49 (0.03) | 3.44 (0.04) | 3.46 (0.03) | 3.27 (0.04) | 3.03 (0.09) |
| Bedroom TV | ||||||
| Bedroom TV (46 months) | 45.8 | 14.8 | 43.0 | 50.2 | 63.1 | 81.1 |
| Bedroom TV (58 months) | 51.6 | 18.8 | 52.2 | 56.5 | 69.5 | 83.5 |
With the exception of italicised, figures show percentages or means with SEs in parentheses, and are adjusted for survey design and weights. Sample sizes for maternal education groups do not sum to 2957 due to missing information for maternal education. All differences by maternal education level were significant at p<0.001, with the exception of child gender and maternal ethnicity.