Sex-specific HRs and CIs for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality events by selected RHR values; the Tromsø Study 1994–2012
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI)* | HR (95% CI)† | HR (95% CI)* | HR (95% CI)† | |
| MI, cases/total | 996/11 425 | 580/12 581 | ||
| RHR, bpm | ||||
| 50 | 0.59 (0.51 to 0.69) | 0.82 (0.70 to 0.95) | 0.70 (0.62 to 0.79) | 0.81 (0.71 to 0.92) |
| 60 | 0.80 (0.76 to 0.85) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.98) | 0.83 (0.79 to 0.89) | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.96) |
| 70 ref | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 80 | 1.18 (1.13 to 1.23) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.12) | 1.20 (1.13 to 1.27) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) |
| 90 | 1.34 (1.23 to 1.45) | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.22) | 1.43 (1.27 to 1.62) | 1.23 (1.09 to 1.40) |
| 100 | 1.48 (1.33 to 1.65) | 1.16 (1.04 to 1.30) | 1.72 (1.43 to 2.06) | 1.37 (1.13 to 1.66) |
| p Value‡ | <0.001 | 0.010 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| AF, cases/total | 863/11 661 | 649/12 630 | ||
| RHR, bpm | ||||
| 50 | 0.84 (0.76 to 0.94) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98) | 0.81 (0.72 to 0.92) | 0.90 (0.79 to 1.02) |
| 60 | 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97) | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.96) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01) |
| 70 ref | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 80 | 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.13) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.12) |
| 90 | 1.19 (1.07 to 1.32) | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.27) | 1.23 (1.09 to 1.39) | 1.11 (0.98 to 1.26) |
| 100 | 1.29 (1.10 to 1.51) | 1.21 (1.03 to 1.43) | 1.37 (1.14 to 1.65) | 1.18 (0.97 to 1.42) |
| p Value‡ | 0.001 | 0.023 | <0.001 | 0.096 |
| Ischaemic stroke, cases/total | 549/11 693 | 417/12 654 | ||
| RHR, bpm | ||||
| 50 | 0.67 (0.54 to 0.84) | 0.81 (0.65 to 1.02) | 1.12 (0.78 to 1.60) | 1.31 (0.90 to 1.90) |
| 60 | 0.83 (0.75 to 0.92) | 0.91 (0.83 to 1.01) | 0.92 (0.83 to 1.02) | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.12) |
| 70 ref | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 80 | 1.14 (1.06 to 1.23) | 1.04 (0.96 to 1.12) | 1.18 (1.08 to 1.28) | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.17) |
| 90 | 1.17 (1.01 to 1.37) | 0.98 (0.84 to 1.16) | 1.40 (1.19 to 1.65) | 1.19 (1.01 to 1.41) |
| 100 | 1.05 (0.76 to 1.45) | 0.83 (0.60 to 1.15) | 1.66 (1.31 to 2.11) | 1.32 (1.04 to 1.69) |
| p Value‡ | 0.001 | 0.135 | <0.001 | 0.037 |
| Total mortality, cases/total | 1918/11 773 | 1796/12 716 | ||
| RHR, bpm | ||||
| 50 | 0.58 (0.53 to 0.64) | 0.64 (0.58 to 0.72) | 0.70 (0.65 to 0.75) | 0.75 (0.69 to 0.80) |
| 60 | 0.76 (0.72 to 0.79) | 0.80 (0.76 to 0.84) | 0.84 (0.81 to 0.87) | 0.86 (0.83 to 0.90) |
| 70 ref | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 80 | 1.31 (1.26 to 1.36) | 1.24 (1.20 to 1.30) | 1.19 (1.15 to 1.24) | 1.16 (1.12 to 1.20) |
| 90 | 1.65 (1.54 to 1.77) | 1.50 (1.40 to 1.62) | 1.43 (1.33 to 1.53) | 1.34 (1.25 to 1.44) |
| 100 | 1.94 (1.72 to 2.17) | 1.72 (1.52 to 1.94) | 1.70 (1.53 to 1.89) | 1.55 (1.39 to 1.73) |
| p Value‡ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular mortality, cases/total | 634/11 773 | 585/12 716 | ||
| RHR, bpm | ||||
| 50 | 0.62 (0.56 to 0.69) | 0.68 (0.61 to 0.76) | 1.07 (0.77 to 1.48) | 1.17 (0.84 to 1.64) |
| 60 | 0.79 (0.75 to 0.83) | 0.83 (0.78 to 0.87) | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.03) |
| 70 ref | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 80 | 1.27 (1.20 to 1.34) | 1.21 (1.14 to 1.28) | 1.24 (1.16 to 1.32) | 1.17 (1.09 to 1.25) |
| 90 | 1.62 (1.45 to 1.80) | 1.46 (1.31 to 1.64) | 1.55 (1.36 to 1.77) | 1.38 (1.21 to 1.59) |
| 100 | 2.05 (1.75 to 2.41) | 1.77 (1.49 to 2.10) | 1.92 (1.57 to 2.34) | 1.63 (1.33 to 2.00) |
| p Value‡ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
*Adjusted for age.
†Adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, physical activity and smoking.
‡Likelihood ratio test between a model with and a model without fractional polynomials terms of RHR.
AF, atrial fibrillation; MI, myocardial infarction; RHR, resting heart rate.