ORs (95% CI) of ADHD or attention difficulties as measured by the DAWBA and SDQ in the ALSPAC and Pelotas cohorts
| Any ADHD disorder (DAWBA) | Hyperactivity (SDQ) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | ALSPAC | Pelotas | ALSPAC | Pelotas |
| Maternal education† | 1.03 (0.68 to 1.55) | 1.96 (1.16 to 3.29)* | 1.45 (1.21 to 1.73)** | 1.74 (1.39 to 2.19)** |
| Income (lowest quintile vs rest) | 1.05 (0.51 to 2.17) | 1.15 (0.70 to 1.90) | 1.68 (1.26 to 2.25)** | 1.29 (1.02 to 1.62)* |
| Maternal age at delivery (≤19 vs rest) | 2.38 (1.03 to 5.50)* | 1.17 (0.71 to 1.94) | 2.22 (1.43 to 3.43)** | 1.63 (1.21 to 2.04)** |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy (yes vs no) | 1.54 (1.05 to 2.27)* | 1.24 (0.80 to 1.94) | 1.85 (1.55 to 2.21)** | 1.38 (1.12 to 1.70)* |
| Maternal alcohol during pregnancy (yes vs no) | 1.10 (0.76 to 1.58) | 2.08 (0.89 to 4.86) | 1.16 (0.98 to 1.38) | 1.00 (0.59 to 1.71) |
| Depression during pregnancy (yes vs no) | 1.81 (1.18 to 2.78)* | 1.83 (1.19 to 2.81)* | 1.82 (1.48 to 2.23)** | 1.42 (1.15 to 1.76)* |
| Apgar score 5 min (<7 vs rest) | 1.05 (0.14 to 7.73) | 1.42 (0.34 to 5.92) | 0.89 (0.31 to 2.51) | 1.78 (0.93 to 3.40) |
| Mode of delivery (caesarean vs vaginal) | 1.54 (0.94 to 2.52) | 0.79 (0.51 to 1.20) | 1.15 (0.89 to 1.48) | 0.81 (0.67 to 0.99)* |
*p<0.05; **p<0.001.
†≤10 vs >10 years.
ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; DAWBA, Development and Well-Being Assessment; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.