Characteristics for singleton live births (Ontario, Canada, 2002–2010) to primary non-refugee, primary refugee, secondary non-refugee and secondary refugee women who became permanent residents in Ontario between 2002 and 2010
| Primary migrants (N=112 512) | Secondary migrants (N=11 041) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic count (% of column unless otherwise indicated) | Non-refugee (N=100 894) | Refugee (N=11 618) | Non-refugee (N=9746) | Refugee (N=1295) |
| Maternal age at birth (years) | ||||
| 15–19 | 778 (0.8) | 210 (1.8) | 64 (0.7) | 29 (2.2) |
| 20–24 | 14 391 (14.3) | 1677 (14.4) | 1113 (11.4) | 210 (16.2) |
| 25–29 | 35 281 (35.0) | 3436 (29.6) | 2825 (29.0) | 388 (29.9) |
| 30–34 | 33 070 (32.8) | 3745 (32.2) | 3451 (35.4) | 413 (31.8) |
| 35–39 | 14 727 (14.6) | 2066 (17.8) | 1896 (19.5) | 216 (16.7) |
| 40+ | 2647 (2.6) | 484 (4.2) | 397 (4.1) | 39 (3.2) |
| Number of previous live births | ||||
| 0 | 53 366 (52.9) | 3981 (34.3) | 4020 (41.3) | 452 (34.9) |
| 1 | 35 657 (35.4) | 3931 (33.9) | 3594 (36.9) | 396 (30.6) |
| 2 | 8880 (8.8) | 2129 (18.3) | 1471 (15.1) | 239 (18.5) |
| ≥3 | 2971 (3.0) | 1569 (13.5) | 660 (6.8) | 208 (16.1) |
| Language ability at arrival | ||||
| English | 64 857 (64.3) | 7463 (64.2) | 7047 (72.3) | 727 (56.0) |
| French | 1036 (1.0) | 366 (3.2) | 122 (1.3) | 45 (3.5) |
| Both English and French | 3555 (3.5) | 340 (2.9) | 637 (6.5) | 39 (3.0) |
| Neither | 31 446 (31.2) | 3449 (29.7) | 1940 (19.9) | 484 (37.4) |
| Education level at arrival, year | ||||
| 0–9 | 9315 (9.2) | 3268 (28.1) | 1144 (11.8) | 417 (32.3) |
| 10–12 | 18 555 (18.4) | 3609 (31.0) | 1680 (17.2) | 439 (33.9) |
| 13+* | 10 654 (10.6) | 1366 (11.8) | 808 (8.3) | 123 (9.5) |
| Trade certificate, non-university diploma | 14 624 (14.5) | 1748 (15.0) | 1462 (15.0) | 175 (13.5) |
| Bachelors, Masters, Doctorate | 47 746 (47.3) | 1627 (14.0) | 4652 (47.7) | 141 (10.9) |
| Region of maternal birth | ||||
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 4370 (4.3) | 3481 (30.0) | 910 (9.3) | 436 (33.7) |
| South Asia | 42 714 (42.3) | 3201 (27.6) | 2621 (26.9) | 286 (22.1) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 8182 (8.1) | 1756 (15.1) | 455 (4.7) | 137 (10.6) |
| Middle East/North Africa/Central Asia | 7335 (7.3) | 1174 (10.1) | 2703 (27.8) | 194 (15.0) |
| Eastern Europe | 5474 (5.4) | 421 (3.6) | 1045 (10.7) | 78 (6.0) |
| Southeast Asia, Oceania Islands | 10 752 (10.7) | 154 (1.3) | 667 (6.9) | 72 (5.6) |
| East Asia | 15 165 (15.0) | 1212 (10.4) | 470 (4.8) | 34 (2.6) |
| Southern Europe | 2049 (2.0) | 188 (1.6) | 396 (4.1) | 31 (2.4) |
| Industrialised† | 4853 (4.8) | 31 (0.3) | 471 (4.8) | 27 (2.1) |
| Region of last permanent residence | ||||
| Middle East/North Africa/Central Asia | N/A | N/A | 4059 (41.7) | 313 (24.3) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | N/A | N/A | 391 (4.0) | 309 (24.0) |
| South Asia | N/A | N/A | 1014 (10.4) | 226 (17.6) |
| Industrialised† | N/A | N/A | 2492 (25.6) | 198 (15.4) |
| Southeast Asia, Oceania Islands | N/A | N/A | 178 (1.8) | 80 (6.2) |
| Eastern Europe | N/A | N/A | 426 (4.4) | 52 (4.0) |
| Southern Europe | N/A | N/A | 464 (4.8) | 42 (3.3) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | N/A | N/A | 326 (3.4) | 35 (2.7) |
| East Asia | N/A | N/A | 374 (3.9) | 32 (2.5) |
| Duration of residence at birth, mean (SD) | 2.2 (1.9) | 2.0 (2.0) | 2.1 (1.9) | 2.1 (2.1) |
| Duration of residence at birth, year | ||||
| ≤4‡ | 86 700 (86.0) | 9987 (86.0) | 8523 (87.5) | 1094 (84.5) |
| 5–10 | 14 194 (14.1) | 1631 (14.0) | 1223 (12.5) | 201 (15.5) |
Column percents may not add up to 100 due to rounding.
*13+ age category is exclusive of other categories, did not complete a subsequent qualification.
†Industrialised countries = North America, Western and Northern Europe, Australia and New Zealand.
‡≤4 category includes a small proportion of women who delivered prior to receiving permanent residency, and prior to eligibility for the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP).
N/A, not applicable.