Result of IV-Cox analysis
| IV-Cox | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Second stage Dependent variable: incidence of functional disability | First stage Dependent variable: number of participations | ||
| HR | Coefficient | ||
| Endogenous variable | Participation (log-transformation) | 0.50 (0.34 to 0.74)** | – |
| Exogenous variable | Number of community salons within a radius of 350 m from the subject's home | – | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.06)** |
| Sex | Female (reference: male) | 9.00 (3.62 to 22.41)*** | 0.15 (0.12 to 0.18)*** |
| Age | 75 years and over (reference: 65–74 years) | 7.29 (5.48 to 9.70)*** | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.06) |
| Educational attainment | 9 years and under (reference: 10 years and over) | 1.18 (0.93 to 1.51) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) |
| Equivalent income | ¥1.99 million and less (reference: ¥2 million and more) | 2.21 (1.55 to 3.16)*** | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.08)** |
| Higher level of ADL | 12 points and under (reference: 13 points) | 0.50 (0.31 to 0.81)** | −0.07 (−0.10 to −0.03)*** |
| Depression | None (reference) | ||
| Mild | 0.92 (0.68 to 1.24) | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.01) | |
| Severe | 4.63 (2.87 to 7.48)*** | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.06)** | |
| Constant | Constant | – | −0.11 (−0.17 to −0.06)* |
In the first-stage regression of 2SLS, F-statistics was 20.07 (p<0.001), and partial R2 was 0.06.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
IV, instrumental variable.