Relationship of medical condition and practices of the respondents on the transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV
| Risk factors | Study groups | Bivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||||||
| Cases (n=270) | Controls (n=270) | OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | ||||||
| Freq | % | Freq | % | ||||||||
| A: Suffering from chronic illness | |||||||||||
| Yes | 25 | 9.3% | 7 | 2.6% | 3.83 | 1.63 to 9.03 | 4.92 | 1.67 to 14.55 | |||
| No* | 245 | 90.7% | 263 | 97.4% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| B: Received blood transfusion | |||||||||||
| Yes | 28 | 10.4% | 2 | 0.7% | 15.50 | 3.66 to 65.77 | 8.3 | 1.72 to 40.20 | |||
| No* | 242 | 89.6% | 268 | 99.3% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| C: Received injection prescribed by a physician | |||||||||||
| Yes | 132 | 48.9% | 143 | 53.0% | 0.85 | 0.61 to 1.19 | – | – | |||
| No | 138 | 51.1% | 127 | 47.0% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| D: Received non-prescribed injection | |||||||||||
| Yes | 15 | 5.6% | 2 | 0.7% | 7.88 | 1.79 to 34.81 | – | – | |||
| No* | 255 | 94.4% | 268 | 99.3% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| E: Received accidental needle injury or other sharp object contaminated with blood at a health facility | |||||||||||
| Yes | 18 | 7.2% | 2 | 0.8% | 10.25 | 2.35 to 44.63 | 7.45 | 1.38 to 40.22 | |||
| No* | 231 | 92.8% | 263 | 99.2% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| F: Underwent dental work /oral surgery | |||||||||||
| Yes | 166 | 61.5% | 135 | 50.0% | 1.60 | 1.13 to 2.25 | 1.6 | 1.00 to 2.54 | |||
| No* | 104 | 38.5% | 135 | 50.0% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| G: Underwent any other surgery (other than oral) | |||||||||||
| Yes | 63 | 23.3% | 38 | 14.1% | 1.86 | 1.19 to 2.90 | – | – | |||
| No* | 207 | 76.7% | 232 | 85.9% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| H: Received cutting injury in barbershop/ parlour (n=540) | |||||||||||
| Once | 21 | 7.8% | 9 | 3.3% | 4.17 | 1.85 to 9.37 | 4.74 | 1.71 to 13.15 | |||
| Multiple times | 123 | 45.6% | 36 | 13.3% | 6.10 | 3.97 to 9.39 | 3.88 | 2.27 to 6.66 | |||
| Never* | 126 | 46.7% | 225 | 83.3% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| I: Punching/puncturing of acne in a barbershop /beauty parlour (n=540) | |||||||||||
| Once | 10 | 3.7% | 10 | 3.7% | 1.20 | 0.49 to 2.95 | – | – | |||
| Multiple times | 54 | 20.0% | 12 | 4.4% | 5.42 | 2.82 to 10.40 | 5.04 | 2.21 to 11.48 | |||
| Never* | 206 | 76.3% | 248 | 91.9% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| J: Hijamah (n=540) | |||||||||||
| Once | 23 | 8.5% | 14 | 5.2% | 1.74 | 0.88 to 3.47 | – | – | |||
| Multiples times | 15 | 5.6% | 10 | 3.7% | 1.59 | 0.70 to 3.61 | – | – | |||
| Never* | 232 | 85.9% | 246 | 91.1% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| K: Incarcerated for longer than 24 h in prison (n=535) | |||||||||||
| Yes | 43 | 16.0% | 18 | 6.8% | 2.62 | 1.47 to 4.68 | – | – | |||
| No* | 226 | 84.0% | 248 | 93.2% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| L: Extramarital sexual relationships of respondent (n=526) | |||||||||||
| Yes | 25 | 9.4% | 8 | 3.1% | 3.29 | 1.46 to 7.45 | 2.92 | 1.02 to 8.41 | |||
| No* | 240 | 90.6% | 253 | 96.9% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| M: Intravenous drugs use (addictive) by the respondent (n=540) | |||||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 1.9% | 0 | 0.0% |
| ||||||
| No | 265 | 98.1% | 270 | 100.0% | |||||||
| N: Sharing shaving razors with others | |||||||||||
| Share | 16 | 5.9% | 1 | 0.4% | 16.95 | 2.23 to 128.70 | 11.13 | 1.23 to 101.00 | |||
| Don't share | 254 | 94.1% | 269 | 99.6% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| O: Sharing tooth brush with others | |||||||||||
| Share | 8 | 3.0% | 1 | 0.4% | 8.21 | 1.02 to 66.13 | – | – | |||
| Don't share | 262 | 97.0% | 269 | 99.6% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| P: Sharing nail cutter with others | |||||||||||
| Share | 182 | 67.7% | 126 | 47.0% | 2.36 | 1.66 to 3.35 | – | – | |||
| Don't share | 87 | 32.3% | 142 | 53.0% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
| Q: Travel abroad by respondents | |||||||||||
| Yes | 89 | 33.0% | 78 | 28.9% | 1.21 | 0.84 to 1.75 | – | – | |||
| No | 181 | 67.0% | 192 | 71.1% | Ref | – | – | – | |||
↵* Note: “Don't know/Don't remember” responses are merged into “No” category.