Classification | Characteristic | Intellectual and developmental disabilities (N=3932) | No intellectual and developmental disabilities (N=382 774) | p Value* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | Maternal age | |||
<20 years | 455 (11.6) | 10 844 (2.8) | <0.01† | |
≥35 years | 503 (12.8) | 79 592 (20.8) | ||
Primiparous | 1765 (45.0) | 170 101 (44.4) | 1.00 | |
Neighbourhood income quintile (Q) | ||||
Q1 (lowest) | 1550 (39.7) | 84 460 (22.2) | <0.01† | |
Q2 | 895 (22.9) | 76 286 (20.0) | ||
Q3 | 631 (16.2) | 78 065 (20.5) | ||
Q4 | 454 (11.6) | 79 141 (20.8) | ||
Q5 | 376 (9.6) | 62 915 (16.5) | ||
Rural residence | 558 (14.2) | 39 747 (10.4) | <0.01† | |
Pre-pregnancy health conditions | Pre-existing diabetes mellitus | 117 (3.0) | 5930 (1.6) | <0.01† |
Chronic hypertension | 102 (2.6) | 9416 (2.5) | 1.00 | |
Active herpes/HIV positive | 14 (0.4) | 536 (0.1) | 0.01† | |
Epilepsy | 178 (4.5) | 2320 (0.6) | <0.01† | |
Psychiatric disorders | 2086 (53.1) | 110 208 (28.8) | <0.01† | |
Pregnancy complications–maternal | Gestational diabetes | 125 (3.2) | 16 030 (4.2) | 0.03 |
Gestational hypertension | 63 (1.6) | 6190 (1.6) | 1.00 | |
Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia | 67 (1.7) | 4104 (1.1) | 0.03† | |
Venous thromboembolism | 44 (1.1) | 2479 (0.7) | 0.01† | |
Premature rupture of membranes | 349 (8.9) | 37 172 (9.7) | 0.55 | |
Chorioamnionitis | 51 (1.3) | 3527 (0.9) | 0.04† | |
Cephalopelvic disproportion | 96 (2.4) | 11 829 (3.1) | 0.23 | |
Slow or difficult labour | 406 (10.3) | 43 774 (11.4) | 0.29 | |
Pregnancy complications–placental | Placental abruption | 65 (1.7) | 3949 (1.0) | <0.01† |
Placenta previa | 31 (0.8) | 2725 (0.7) | 1.00 | |
Antepartum hemorrhage | 229 (5.8) | 16 767 (4.4) | <0.01† | |
Vasa previa/cord prolapse | 442 (11.2) | 47 342 (12.4) | 0.29 | |
Pregnancy complications–fetal | Intrauterine fetal death | 63 (1.6) | 2094 (0.6) | <0.01† |
Fetal growth restriction | 673 (17.1) | 46 127 (12.1) | <0.01† | |
Macrosomia | 315 (8.0) | 32 076 (8.4) | 1.00 | |
Fetal distress | 741 (18.9) | 73 468 (19.2) | 1.00 | |
Oligohydramnios | 75 (1.9) | 5590 (1.5) | 0.23 | |
Polyhydramnios | 30 (0.8) | 1771 (0.5) | 0.08 | |
Breech presentation | 318 (8.1) | 27 949 (7.3) | 0.48 |
Values are expressed as N (%).
*Bonferroni corrected.
†Significantly more common among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities.