Risk of maltreatment allegation by Aboriginality associated with mother's mental health contact at any time prior to allegation and risk by diagnostic groups
| Characteristic | Combined | Non-Aboriginal | Aboriginal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate HR (95% CI) | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | Bivariate HR (95% CI) | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | Bivariate HR (95% CI) | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Female | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.15) | 1.14 (1.09 to 1.18) | 1.13 (1.08 to 1.17) | 1.15 (1.10 to 1.20) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.15) | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.18) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Never married | 4.59 (4.41 to 4.77) | 1.72 (1.62 to 1.83) | 4.76 (4.54 to 5.00) | 1.82 (1.69 to 1.96) | 1.52 (1.42 to 1.62) | 1.33 (1.19 to 1.48) |
| Divorced/separated | 4.46 (4.04 to 4.93) | 2.88 (2.54 to 3.27) | 4.93 (4.40 to 5.53) | 2.96 (2.57 to 3.41) | 1.91 (1.55 to 2.35) | 2.10 (1.60 to 2.76) |
| Aboriginality | ||||||
| Non-Aboriginal | reference group | reference group | ||||
| Aboriginal | 1.91 (1.77 to 2.06) | 1.64 (1.50 to 1.78) | ||||
| Maternal age at birth, years | ||||||
| <20 | 7.66 (7.21 to 8.14) | 2.57 (2.31 to 2.86) | 8.51 (7.92 to 9.15) | 3.12 (2.77 to 3.51) | 1.25 (1.12 to 1.40) | 1.27 (1.02 to 1.58) |
| 20–29 | 2.36 (2.25 to 2.47) | 1.59 (1.49 to 1.71) | 2.30 (2.18 to 2.44) | 1.64 (1.53 to 1.77) | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.15) | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.33) |
| 30–39 | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| >39 | 1.25 (1.07 to 1.45) | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.32) | 1.37 (1.16 to 1.61) | 1.16 (0.96 to 1.41) | 0.97 (0.67 to 1.39) | 0.87 (0.50 to 1.51) |
| Paternal age at birth, years | ||||||
| <20 | 7.54 (6.91 to 8.23) | 1.37 (1.21 to 1.55) | 8.18 (7.35 to 9.09) | 1.57 (1.36 to 1.82) | 1.46 (1.24 to 1.71) | 1.13 (0.90 to 1.40) |
| 20–29 | 2.42 (2.31 to 2.54) | 1.27 (1.20 to 1.35) | 2.35 (2.23 to 2.48) | 1.30 (1.22 to 1.39) | 1.17 (1.05 to 1.31) | 1.02 (0.89 to 1.18) |
| 30–39 | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| >39 | 1.34 (1.23 to 1.46) | 1.47 (1.33 to 1.61) | 1.33 (1.21 to 1.46) | 1.46 (1.32 to 1.62) | 1.51 (1.22 to 1.87) | 1.44 (1.12 to 1.84) |
| Socioeconomic disadvantage | ||||||
| 1—low | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| 2 | 1.66 (1.42 to 1.94) | 1.40 (1.18 to 1.65) | 1.60 (1.37 to 1.88) | 1.35 (1.14 to 1.60) | 1.36 (0.71 to 2.61) | 1.32 (0.64 to 2.70) |
| 3 | 2.40 (2.08 to 2.77) | 1.72 (1.48 to 2.00) | 2.22 (1.92 to 2.58) | 1.65 (1.41 to 1.93) | 1.40 (0.77 to 2.54) | 1.11 (0.57 to 2.14) |
| 4 | 4.02 (3.50 to 4.63) | 2.45 (2.11 to 2.84) | 3.47 (3.00 to 4.01) | 2.26 (1.93 to 2.63) | 1.94 (1.07 to 3.52) | 1.59 (0.83 to 3.05) |
| 5 | 6.22 (5.40 to 7.16) | 3.08 (2.65 to 3.59) | 5.09 (4.40 to 5.90) | 2.89 (2.47 to 3.38) | 2.13 (1.17 to 3.86) | 1.64 (0.86 to 3.14) |
| 6—high | 11.80 (10.25 to 13.59) | 4.36 (3.74 to 5.09) | 9.71 (8.38 to 11.25) | 4.55 (3.88 to 5.34) | 2.42 (1.34 to 4.37) | 1.87 (0.98 to 3.57) |
| Child disability | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 1.73 (1.64 to 1.83) | 1.60 (1.50 to 1.72) | 1.73 (1.62 to 1.85) | 1.56 (1.45 to 1.69) | 1.74 (1.58 to 1.93) | 1.67 (1.45 to 1.94) |
| Mother assault admission | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 7.20 (6.75 to 7.67) | 2.00 (1.80 to 2.22) | 6.97 (6.22 to 7.80) | 2.48 (2.15 to 2.86) | 2.06 (1.88 to 2.24) | 2.05 (1.79 to 2.34) |
| Housing codes | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 4.10 (3.67 to 4.59) | 1.24 (1.05 to 1.46) | 5.23 (4.52 to 6.06) | 1.60 (1.33 to 1.92) | 0.98 (0.82 to 1.16) | 0.87 (0.66 to 1.15) |
| Mental health contact | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 4.18 (3.99 to 4.37) | 2.64 (2.50 to 2.80) | 4.21 (4.00 to 4.43) | 2.86 (2.69 to 3.04) | 1.93 (1.77 to 2.10) | 1.65 (1.45 to 1.87) |
| Diagnostic groups* | ||||||
| Organic disorders | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 2.52 (1.78 to 3.55) | 2.48 (1.53 to 4.02) | 2.86 (1.96 to 4.18) | 3.36 (2.23 to 5.04) | 1.31 (0.58 to 2.96) | 0.78 (0.20 to 3.10) |
| Substance-related disorders | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 5.33 (5.04 to 5.64) | 2.66 (2.46 to 2.89) | 4.80 (4.46 to 5.16) | 2.82 (2.57 to 3.09) | 2.24 (2.05 to 2.45) | 2.08 (1.79 to 2.42) |
| Schizophrenia, affective and non-affective psychoses | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 2.28 (2.08 to 2.50) | 1.89 (1.68 to 2.13) | 2.61 (2.35 to 2.90) | 2.07 (1.82 to 2.36) | 1.13 (0.93 to 1.37) | 1.12 (0.87 to 1.46) |
| Depression not elsewhere classified and neurotic disorders | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 1.79 (1.66 to 1.93) | 1.64 (1.51 to 1.79) | 1.95 (1.79 to 2.13) | 1.69 (1.54 to 1.86) | 1.12 (0.96 to 1.31) | 1.33 (1.10 to 1.60) |
| Adjustment and stress-related disorders | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 2.53 (2.34 to 2.73) | 1.81 (1.64 to 1.99) | 2.90 (2.66 to 3.16) | 1.96 (1.76 to 2.18) | 1.24 (1.05 to 1.45) | 1.18 (0.96 to 1.46) |
| Disorders of childhood/psychological development | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 3.85 (3.24 to 4.59) | 2.99 (2.44 to 3.67) | 4.66 (3.86 to 5.62) | 3.03 (2.45 to 3.74) | 2.02 (1.32 to 3.09) | 1.55 (0.82 to 2.92) |
| Personality disorders | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 4.65 (4.05 to 5.35) | 2.70 (2.26 to 3.23) | 5.79 (4.99 to 6.71) | 2.47 (2.02 to 3.02) | 1.98 (1.33 to 2.96) | 1.71 (1.02 to 2.87) |
| Intellectual disability | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 18.30 (14.16 to 23.64) | 13.15 (9.40 to 18.40) | 26.07 (19.93 to 34.09) | 15.40 (10.68 to 22.20) | 2.72 (1.21 to 6.12) | 4.77 (1.96 to 11.58) |
| Other mental disorders | ||||||
| No | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group |
| Yes | 1.39 (1.16 to 1.67) | 1.54 (1.25 to 1.90) | 1.66 (1.36 to 2.01) | 1.66 (1.33 to 2.07) | 0.73 (0.46 to 1.14) | 0.88 (0.50 to 1.55) |
*Diagnostic groups were conducted in a separate analysis with all other risk factors in the table except ‘mental health contact’. All estimates remained relatively unchanged in the diagnostic group analysis.