Reference | Setting | Population (years) | Sample size | Follow-up time | Social capital | Mental health measure (CMD) | Statistical analysis | Results | Effect estimates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Borjorquez-Chapela et al22 | Mexico | Seniors (60+) | 2661 | 11 months | Cognitive: groups and network trust/solidarity; social cohesion and inclusion Structural: collective action and cooperation; information and communication; empowerment and political action | GDS (depression) | Multivariate logistic regression | Cognitive: (women −); (men /) Structural: (women −); (men /) | Cognitive and Structural Combined for Women OR: 0.73; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.95 (p<0.01) Cognitive and Structural Combined for Men: not significant |
Fujiwara and Kawachi14 | USA | Adults (25–74) | 724 | 2 years | Cognitive: political trust; sense of belonging and mutual aid Structural: volunteer work; community participation | CIDI-SF (depression) | Multivariate logistic regression | Cognitive: − Structural: / | Cognitive OR: 0.43; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.93 (p=0.036) Structural: not significant |
Giordano and Lindstrom23 | UK | Adults (16+) | 7994 | 7 years | Cognitive: interpersonal trust; active social participation; frequency of talking with neighbours | GHQ-12 (CMD) | Multilevel logistic regression | Cognitive: − | Cognitive OR: 1.30; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.41 (p=0.001) |
Krisotakis et al24 | Heraklion, Crete, Greece | Mother and child | 356 | 1 year | Cognitive: SCQ (trust, feelings of safety, neighbourhood cohesion, Structural: SCQ (volunteering, community participation, activeness in community) | EDPS (postpartum depression) | Multilevel regression | Cognitive: − Structural: / | Cognitive b=−3.95; 95% −7.75 to −0.14 (p<0.05) Structural: not significant |
Murayama et al25 | Hatoyama, Saiama, Japan | Seniors (65+) | 681 | 2 years | Cognitive: perception of neighbourhood homogeneity; personal networks Structural: perception of participant's network heterogeneity | GDS (depression) | Multilevel logistic regression | Cognitive: − Structural: − | Cognitive OR: 0.58; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.99 (p not reported) Structural OR: 0.59; 95% CI 0.33 to 1.06 (p value not reported) |
O'Connor et al26 | Australia | Adults (23–24) | 991 | 3–6 years | Structural: trust in authorities/organisations; community trust; diversity tolerance | SMFQ (depression) | Hierarchical | Structural: − | Structural b=−0.07; no CI reported (p<0.05) |
Code for results: − high social capital associated with low CMD; / no association; + high social capital associated with high CMD.
CIDI-SF, composite international diagnostic interview- short form; CMD, common mental disorder; EDPS, Edinburgh post-natal depression scale; GDS, geriatric depression scale; GHQ, general health questionnaire; SCQ, social capital questionnaire; SMFQ, short mood and feelings questionnaire.