Crude and adjusted HRs from mixed effect Cox model (frailty model) of under-5 mortality risks by social characteristics of mothers and households, Rwanda, 2005–2010
| Characteristic | Crude analyses* | Adjusted analyses† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Maternal education | ||||
| Secondary or higher | Reference | Reference | ||
| Primary | 1.14 | 0.84 to 1.53 | 1.10 | 0.81 to 1.51 |
| No formal education | 1.50 | 1.09 to 2.07 | 1.42 | 1.00 to 2.01 |
| Household residence | ||||
| Urban | Reference | Reference | ||
| Rural | 1.14 | 0.89 to 1.48 | 1.06 | 0.80 to 1.40 |
| Household wealth‡ | ||||
| Richer | Reference | Reference | ||
| Middle | 1.09 | 0.87 to 1.37 | 1.04 | 0.82 to 1.31 |
| Poorer | 1.13 | 0.94 to 1.36 | 1.06 | 0.87 to 1.29 |
| Maternal age (years) | ||||
| <20 | 1.27 | 0.92 to 1.75 | ||
| 20–34 | Reference | |||
| >34 | 1.07 | 0.84 to 1.37 | ||
| Birth order | ||||
| 1st birth | 1.10 | 0.90 to 1.35 | ||
| 2nd to 6th birth | Reference | |||
| >6th birth | 1.19 | 0.90 to 1.57 | ||
| Sex of child | ||||
| Male | Reference | |||
| Female | 0.87 | 0.74 to 1.02 | ||
*Crude analyses of under-5 mortality performed by mixed effect Cox model (frailty model). Fixed factors (maternal education, residence, household wealth) included separately in models, nested within random factor cluster.
†Adjusted analyses of under-5 mortality performed by means of mixed effect Cox model. Fixed factors (maternal education, residence, household wealth, maternal age, birth order and sex of child) included simultaneously in model, nested within random factor cluster.
‡Two richest and two poorest quintiles dichotomised as ‘richer’ and ‘poorer’ quintiles.