Fully adjusted models of the association between maternal health literacy and receipt of DTP3 vaccine among children 12–23 months, India 2013
| Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh (rural, N=1170) model R4 | Kirti Nagar, New Delhi (urban, N=670) model U3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | p Value | OR | (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Health literacy | ||||||
| Low | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Medium | 1.57 | (1.11 to 2.20) | 0.015 | 1.11 | (0.65 to 1.88) | 0.705 |
| High | 1.30 | (0.89 to 1.91) | 0.175 | 2.06 | (1.06 to 3.99) | 0.032 |
| Parental education score | ||||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 1 | 1.62 | (0.94 to 2.80) | 0.082 | 0.90 | (0.46 to 1.75) | 0.750 |
| 2 | 1.11 | (0.72 to 1.72) | 0.638 | 1.26 | (0.64 to 2.48) | 0.507 |
| 3 | 1.51 | (1.00 to 2.29) | 0.048 | 1.20 | (0.62 to 2.31) | 0.592 |
| 4 | 2.22 | (1.29 to 3.81) | 0.004 | 2.16 | (0.91 to 5.15) | 0.081 |
| 5 | 1.24 | (0.72 to 2.16) | 0.435 | 1.43 | (0.55 to 3.69) | 0.464 |
| 6 | 2.64 | (1.46 to 4.78) | 0.001 | 1.30 | (0.48 to 3.53) | 0.598 |
| Mother ‘s age | 1.02 | (0.99 to 1.06) | 0.195 | 1.00 | (0.94 to 1.07) | 0.879 |
| Birth order of child | ||||||
| 1 | Reference | |||||
| 2 | 0.55 | (0.37 to 0.82) | 0.003 | 0.70 | (0.41 to 1.20) | 0.194 |
| 3 | 0.62 | (0.40 to 0.96) | 0.033 | 0.72 | (0.38 to 1.34) | 0.298 |
| 4 | 0.72 | (0.43 to 1.20) | 0.210 | 2.35 | (0.83 to 6.67) | 0.110 |
| ≥5 | 0.58 | (0.33 to 1.02) | 0.064 | 0.57 | (0.21 to 1.60) | 0.288 |
| Child sex | ||||||
| Female (reference male) | 0.83 | (0.63 to 1.08) | 0.157 | 1.36 | (0.90 to 2.05) | 0.147 |
| Religion | ||||||
| Muslim (reference Hindu) | 0.57 | (0.34 to 0.94) | 0.027 | 0.89 | (0.46 to 1.72) | 0.732 |
| Quintile of Wealth Index | ||||||
| 1st quintile (poorest 20%) | Reference | |||||
| 2nd quintile | 1.00 | (0.65 to 1.54) | 0.986 | 1.01 | (0.54 to 1.93) | 0.986 |
| 3rd quintile | 0.82 | (0.54 to 1.25) | 0.359 | 1.00 | (0.48 to 2.06) | 0.997 |
| 4th quintile | 1.10 | (0.72 to 1.68) | 0.656 | 1.20 | (0.58 to 2.51) | 0.626 |
| 5th quintile (richest 20%) | 1.26 | (0.82 to 1.94) | 0.298 | 1.75 | (0.80 to 3.79) | 0.160 |
| Proportion of parents citing lack of access as reason for child's incomplete immunisation | 0.16 | (0.04 to 0.68) | 0.012 | – | – | – |
| Proportion of parents citing poor service quality as reason for child's incomplete immunisation | 0.95 | (0.15 to 6.08) | 0.954 | – | – | – |
| Proportion of parents who received a late reminder | 0.35 | (0.11 to 1.13) | 0.079 | – | – | – |
| Proportion of parents who have never received a reminder | 0.01 | (0.00 to 0.11) | 0.000 | – | – | – |
| Cluster (neighbourhood number) | ||||||
| 1 | Reference | – | – | 1.00 | ||
| 2 | – | – | – | 0.49 | (0.12 to 2.00) | 0.324 |
| 3 | – | – | – | 0.70 | (0.21 to 2.32) | 0.558 |
| 4 | – | – | – | 1.44 | (0.35 to 6.03) | 0.615 |
| 5 | – | – | – | 0.21 | (0.04 to 1.07) | 0.060 |
| 6 | – | – | – | 0.80 | (0.23 to 2.74) | 0.720 |
| 7 | – | – | – | 0.93 | (0.21 to 4.19) | 0.923 |
| 8 | – | – | – | 0.80 | (0.23 to 2.80) | 0.737 |
| 9 | – | – | – | 1.63 | (0.45 to 5.88) | 0.455 |
Parental education score is the sum of maternal and paternal education categories (‘0’ none; 1 ‘some primary’; ‘2’ some upper primary; ‘3’ some secondary or higher). It ranges from ‘0’ both parents have received no schooling to ‘6’ both parents have attended secondary or higher.
Model R4—adjusted for parental education score, maternal (age), child (sex, birth order), household (religion, wealth quintile) and village-level service delivery (access, quality, receipt of reminders) characteristics.
Model U3—adjusted for parental education score, maternal (age), child (sex, birth order) and household (religion, wealth quintile) characteristics. Fixed effects capture variations among neighbourhoods.
DTP3, three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis.