Measures of association/fixed effects—OR (95%CI) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M0 | M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | |||||
Individual-level variables | |||||||||
Education (Ref. I, lowest) | |||||||||
II | 1.14 | (0.71 to 1.82) | 1.14 | (0.71 to 1.82) | 1.17 | (0.73 to 1.87) | 1.18 | (0.74 to 1.89) | |
III (highest) | 1.16 | (0.75 to 1.82) | 1.16 | (0.75 to 1.82) | 1.18 | (0.76 to 1.84) | 1.2 | (0.77 to 1.87) | |
Sociodemographics | |||||||||
Age group (Ref: 55–64) | |||||||||
65–74 | 1.43 | (0.91 to 2.25) | 1.43 | (0.91 to 2.25) | 1.44 | (0.92 to 2.27) | 1.46 | (0.93 to 2.30) | |
75–84 | 1.17 | (0.73 to 1.88) | 1.17 | (0.73 to 1.88) | 1.18 | (0.74 to 1.89) | 1.18 | (0.74 to 1.89) | |
Male (vs female) | 2.19 | (1.59 to 3.01) | 2.19 | (1.59 to 3.01) | 2.17 | (1.58 to 2.98) | 2.16 | (1.57 to 2.98) | |
Comorbidities | |||||||||
CIRS-G—severity index* | 1.51 | (1.09 to 2.11) | 1.52 | (1.09 to 2.11) | 1.51 | (1.08 to 2.10) | 1.52 | (1.09 to 2.12) | |
Contextual variables | |||||||||
Practice-level | |||||||||
Male general practitioner (vs female) | 0.98 | (0.65 to 1.47) | 0.98 | (0.66 to 1.47) | 1.02 | (0.68 to 1.54) | |||
Area level | |||||||||
Regional deprivation (Ref.:T1—least deprived)† | |||||||||
T2 | 0.68 | (0.41 to 1.15) | 0.70 | (0.42 to 1.14) | |||||
T3 (most deprived) | 0.81 | (0.48 to 1.35) | 0.92 | (0.56 to 1.51) | |||||
Degree of urbanisation (Ref: rural) | |||||||||
Urban cluster | 0.83 | (0.55 to 1.25) | |||||||
High-density cluster | 0.56 | (0.31 to 1.01) | |||||||
Intercept | 0.48 (0.39 to 0.58) | 0.11 | (0.05 to 0.24) | 0.11 | (0.05 to 0.24) | 0.14 | (0.06 to 0.33) | 0.15 | (0.06 to 0.37) |
Measures of variation/random effects | |||||||||
Practice-variance | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.3 | 0.35 | ||||
MOR-Practice | 1.74 | 1.72 | 1.72 | 1.69 | 1.75 | ||||
PCV (%) Practice | – | −3.0+ | 0.0++ | −6.3++ | 9.4++ | ||||
Municipality-variance | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.0 | ||||
MOR-Municipality | 1.3 | 1.29 | 1.29 | 1.24 | 1.00 | ||||
PCV (%) Municipality | – | –12.5+ | 0.0++ | –28.6++ | –100++ | ||||
Model fit and sample size | |||||||||
Wald-χ2 (df) | 14.87 (2)‡ | 33.17 (6) | 33.18 (7) | 35.35 (9) | 39.2 (11) | ||||
Model-sig. (p value) | 0.0006 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
N | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | ||||
Practice N | 319 | 319 | 319 | 319 | 319 |
Outcome in all models: Enrolment in the disease management programme for coronary heart disease (Yes vs No). M0: Null model without predictors. M1: Final model with individual-level covariables. M2: Extension of M1 additionally adjusting for the practice-level variable ‘sex of general practitioner’. M3: Extension of M2 with the area-level variable ‘Regional deprivation’. M4: Extension of M3 additionally adjusted for the area-level variable ‘Degree of urbanisation’. MOR: Median OR. PCV: proportional change in variance. PCV+: Compares the change in variance between M1 and M0 on municipality-level/practice-level (reference is the M0 variance on municipality-level/practice-level). PCV++: compares the change in variance on municipality-level/practice-level between the models with contextual variables (M2–M4) and the final model containing individual variables (M1), respectively (reference is the M1 variance on municipality-level/practice-level).
*Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS)—severity index: The OR shows the effect on the propensity of enrolment of a one unit difference in CIRS-severity index, comparing patients with a higher index with patients with a lower index.
†Regional deprivation tertiles (T1–T3) refer to the deprivation of the patient-residential area.
‡Test statistic of a likelihood-ratio test, testing the fit of the null model against a single-level logistic regression model.
Bold figures indicate ORs that are significantly different from 1.