Multivariable analyses of the relations between the presence of a chronic health problem and loss of paid employment using competing risks proportional hazards models (N=8149)
| Disability benefit n=103/8149 | Unemployment n=474/8149 | Early retirement n=570/8149 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Any of the health problems | 3.48 (2.18 to 5.56) | 1.32 (1.10 to 1.58) | 1.11 (0.96 to 1.28) |
| Specific health problem | |||
| Musculoskeletal | 2.19 (1.49 to 3.22) | 1.05 (0.87 to 1.28) | 1.23 (1.06 to 1.42) |
| Severe headache | 1.78 (1.06 to 2.99) | 0.95 (0.68 to 1.33) | 1.18 (0.86 to 1.63) |
| Circulatory | 1.49 (0.88 to 2.54) | 1.35 (1.03 to 1.77) | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.26) |
| Respiratory | 2.02 (1.18 to 3.44) | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.35) | 0.69 (0.50 to 0.93) |
| Digestive | 1.97 (1.17 to 3.33) | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.33) | 0.86 (0.64 to 1.14) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.43 (1.44 to 4.09) | 1.14 (0.82 to 1.60) | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.44) |
| Psychological | 2.79 (1.45 to 5.39) | 2.58 (1.83 to 3.62) | 1.57 (1.05 to 2.34) |
| Individual factors | |||
| Age (years) | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.10) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.66 (1.60 to 1.71) |
| Gender (male) | 0.77 (0.51 to 1.15) | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.06) | 1.40 (1.19 to 1.64) |
| Education | |||
| Low | 1.56 (0.92 to 2.63) | 1.50 (1.20 to 1.88) | 0.83 (0.69 to 1.00) |
| Medium | 1.44 (0.87 to 2.36) | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.45) | 0.85 (0.72 to 1.02) |
| High | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Work-related factors | |||
| Higher physical load | 1.08 (0.71 to 1.63) | 0.82 (0.68 to 0.99) | 1.16 (1.00 to 1.36) |
| Higher psychological job demands | 0.88 (0.60 to 1.28) | 0.87 (0.72 to 1.06) | 0.98 (0.84 to 1.14) |
| Lower autonomy | 1.22 (0.82 to 1.83) | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.38) | 1.08 (0.93 to 1.25) |
| Lower support | 1.33 (0.90 to 1.98) | 1.46 (1.22 to 1.75) | 1.16 (1.00 to 1.35) |
HRs for the specific health problems, individual and work-related factors are presented from the same multivariable analyses. HRs presented for the category any of the health problems are from multivariable analyses including individual and work-related factors.