Five-year changes in ABP according to repeated job strain and ERI exposure
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Systolic ABP, mm Hg | Diastolic ABP, mm Hg | N | Systolic ABP, mm Hg | Diastolic ABP, mm Hg | |
| Job strain | ||||||
| High strain | ||||||
| Never exposed (ref) | 380 | +0.36 | +0.57 | 497 | +0.99 | −0.41 |
| Intermittent exposure | 41 | −0.9 | −0.4 | 87 | −0.6 | −0.7 |
| Exposure cessation | 66 | −0.6 | −1.5 | 114 | −0.5 | −0.4 |
| Exposure onset | 51 | −2.7 | −0.7 | 86 | −0.2 | +0.5 |
| Chronic exposure | 30 | −0.6 | −1.1 | 42 | +1.9 | +0.6 |
| Active | ||||||
| Never exposed (ref) | 294 | −0.19 | +0.25 | 485 | +1.19 | −0.24 |
| Intermittent exposure | 53 | −0.5 | −0.8 | 62 | −1.2 | −0.2 |
| Exposure cessation | 82 | −1.3 | −0.8 | 102 | −1.4 | −1.2 |
| Exposure onset | 70 | +0.9 | −0.3 | 105 | +0.7 | +0.1 |
| Chronic exposure | 69 | +2.2 | +1.8 | 72 | −0.9 | −0.7 |
| Passive | ||||||
| Never exposed (ref) | 304 | +0.13 | +0.27 | 312 | +1.18 | −0.26 |
| Intermittent exposure | 53 | −1.4 | −0.4 | 94 | −0.5 | −0.7 |
| Exposure cessation | 62 | −1.0 | +0.1 | 121 | +0.8 | +0.5 |
| Exposure onset | 68 | +0.2 | −0.3 | 124 | −2.0 | −1.3 |
| Chronic exposure | 81 | +0.2 | +0.3 | 175 | −0.1 | +0.1 |
| ERI | ||||||
| Never exposed (ref) | 300 | +0.05 | +0.42 | 440 | +0.32 | −0.77 |
| Intermittent exposure | 65 | −0.3 | −0.5 | 85 | +1.1 | +0.7 |
| Exposure cessation | 85 | −1.0 | −1.1 | 124 | +0.9 | +0.3 |
| Exposure onset | 64 | +0.9 | +0.6 | 104 | +2.5* | +1.5 |
| Chronic exposure | 54 | −0.3 | −0.3 | 73 | +0.5 | +0.2 |
Adjusted for age, education, occupation, family history of CVD, medication for hypertension, smoking, body mass index, sedentary behaviour and alcohol intake.
*p<0.05 for difference in ABP changes over 5 years (years 5 –1 ABP), compared with reference category (never-exposed workers).
ABP, ambulatory blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; ERI, effort–reward imbalance.