Comparing socioeconomic inequalities in health outcomes in 1980 and 2012
| BCS—1980 | MCS—2012 | Change over time | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | n | OR | 95% CI | n | Income×cohort | |
| Limiting long-standing illness or disability | 1.30*** | (1.10 to 1.53) | 12 406 | 2.01*** | (1.62 to 2.50) | 11 875 | χ2(2)=13.53, p<0.01 |
| Does child have a stammer or stutter | 1.33 | (0.94 to 1.88) | 11 871 | 1.47* | (0.94 to 2.30) | 11 855 | χ2(2)=3.56, p=0.17 |
| Does child wear glasses | 1.05 | (0.92 to 1.21) | 12 305 | 1.50*** | (1.29 to 1.74) | 11 875 | χ2(2)=16.05, p<0.001 |
| Ever had hearing problems | 1.03 | (0.90 to 1.17) | 12 512 | 1.04 | (0.86 to 1.27) | 11 875 | χ2(2)=0.03, p=0.99 |
| Child overweight or Obese | 1.06 | (0.89 to 1.25) | 11 103 | 1.94*** | (1.69 to 2.24) | 11 754 | χ2(2)=33.74, p<0.001 |
| Child underweight | 1.77*** | (1.23 to 2.54) | 11 103 | 0.95 | (0.57 to 1.58) | 11 754 | χ2(2)=5.38, p=0.07 |
| Any evidence of puberty | 0.97 | (0.85 to 1.10) | 11 851 | 1.38*** | (1.23 to 1.55) | 11 875 | χ2(2)=19.24, p<0.001 |
| Ever had hay fever | 0.55*** | (0.47 to 0.63) | 12 024 | 1.03 | (0.90 to 1.18) | 11 847 | χ2(2)=42.06, p<0.001 |
| Ever had asthma | 0.78** | (0.63 to 0.96) | 11 731 | 1.48*** | (1.28 to 1.71) | 11 849 | χ2(2)=25.68, P<0.001 |
| Ever had eczema | 0.71*** | (0.63 to 0.81) | 12 115 | 0.98 | (0.87 to 1.12) | 11 851 | χ2(2)=13.67, p<0.01 |
| Ever had measles | 1.56*** | (1.42 to 1.70) | 11 826 | 1.87*** | (1.45 to 2.42) | 11 491 | χ2(2)=3.27, p=0.19 |
| Ever had chicken pox | 0.56*** | (0.51 to 0.61) | 12 117 | 0.48*** | (0.39 to 0.60) | 9728 | χ2(2)=9.59, p<0.01 |
| Ever had whooping cough | 1.14 | (0.97 to 1.34) | 11 863 | 1.66** | (1.07 to 2.59) | 11 723 | χ2(2)=5.65, p=0.06 |
| Has child ever been admitted to hospital | 1.11** | (1.00 to 1.24) | 12 351 | 1.22*** | (1.06 to 1.42) | 11 875 | χ2(2)=5.02, p=0.08 |
| 2+ accidents requiring medical attention | 1.09 | (0.95 to 1.25) | 12 122 | 1.23** | (1.02 to 1.47) | 11 847 | χ2(2)=3.40, p=0.18 |
| Visited the dentist in the past 12 months | 0.42*** | (0.36 to 0.49) | 12 311 | 0.38*** | (0.29 to 0.49) | 11 854 | χ2(2)=1.53, p=0.47 |
| Have you ever tried a cigarette | 1.01 | (0.88 to 1.16) | 10 594 | 3.30*** | (2.23 to 4.87) | 11 656 | χ2(2)=35.18, p<0.001 |
| Do any of your friends smoke | 1.43*** | (1.25 to 1.63) | 10 557 | 3.36*** | (2.49 to 4.54) | 10 628 | χ2(2)=30.58, p<0.001 |
| Does mother currently smoke | 1.87*** | (1.70 to 2.04) | 12 299 | 4.87*** | (4.10 to 5.78) | 12 070 | χ2(2)=122.16, p<0.001 |
| Does father currently smoke | 1.78*** | (1.62 to 1.95) | 11 682 | 3.99*** | (3.39 to 4.71) | 8051 | χ2(2)=69.05, p<0.001 |
| Mother overweight | 2.18*** | (1.95 to 2.42) | 12 186 | 1.62*** | (1.41 to 1.86) | 8918 | χ2(2)=14.74, p<0.001 |
| Mother obese | 3.09*** | (2.50 to 3.82) | 12 186 | 2.22*** | (1.89 to 2.59) | 8918 | χ2(2)=6.25, p=0.04 |
| β | 95% CI | n | β | 95% CI | n | Income×cohort | |
| Weight for age Z score | −0.16*** | (−0.20 to −0.12) | 11 186 | 0.18*** | (0.13 to 0.24) | 11 754 | χ2(2)=46.52, p<0.001 |
| Height for age Z score | −0.29*** | (−0.33 to −0.24) | 11 439 | −0.09*** | (−0.14 to −0.04) | 11 928 | χ2(2)=16.85, p<0.001 |
*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.10, note: middle-income group are included in analysis but there results are not presented here—please contact author for results.
BCS, British Cohort Study; MCS, Millennium Cohort study.