Changes between the 1990s and 2000s in rate ratios by education for all-cause mortality, by country and sex
| MEN | WOMEN | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 2000s | 1990s | 2000s | ||||||
| Country | Education | Rate Ratio | 95% CI | Rate Ratio | 95% CI | Rate Ratio | 95% CI | Rate Ratio | 95% CI |
| North | |||||||||
| Finland | Low | 1.97 | (1.93 to 2.01) | 2.08 | (2.03 to 2.13) | 1.59 | (1.55 to 1.64) | 1.84 | (1.78 to 1.90) |
| Mid | 1.60 | (1.57 to 1.64) | 1.61 | (1.57 to 1.65) | 1.22 | (1.19 to 1.26) | 1.35 | (1.30 to 1.39) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Sweden | Low | 1.78 | (1.75 to 1.81) | 1.90 | (1.86 to 1.94) | 1.88 | (1.84 to 1.93) | 1.88 | (1.83 to 1.93) |
| Mid | 1.42 | (1.39 to 1.44) | 1.47 | (1.44 to 1.51) | 1.47 | (1.43 to 1.50) | 1.42 | (1.38 to 1.46) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Norway | Low | 1.88 | (1.83 to 1.92) | 2.35 | (2.27 to 2.44) | 1.76 | (1.70 to 1.82) | 2.12 | (2.02 to 2.22) |
| Mid | 1.43 | (1.40 to 1.47) | 1.63 | (1.57 to 1.68) | 1.30 | (1.26 to 1.35) | 1.45 | (1.38 to 1.52) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Denmark | Low | 1.77 | (1.73 to 1.82) | 2.00 | (1.95 to 2.06) | 1.62 | (1.57 to 1.68) | 1.85 | (1.79 to 1.91) |
| Mid | 1.46 | (1.42 to 1.50) | 1.53 | (1.49 to 1.57) | 1.24 | (1.20 to 1.29) | 1.34 | (1.29 to 1.39) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| West | |||||||||
| England and Wales | Low* | 1.65 | (1.51 to 1.80) | 1.55 | (1.43 to 1.69) | 1.55 | (1.36 to 1.75) | 1.52 | (1.36 to 1.69) |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Belgium | Low | 1.69 | (1.65 to 1.73) | 1.86 | (1.81 to 1.92) | 1.40 | (1.35 to 1.44) | 1.57 | (1.51 to 1.64) |
| Mid | 1.30 | (1.27 to 1.34) | 1.40 | (1.36 to 1.46) | 1.10 | (1.06 to 1.14) | 1.25 | (1.19 to 1.31) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| France | Low | 2.23 | (2.04 to 2.44) | 2.37 | (2.14 to 2.62) | 1.64 | (1.42 to 1.90) | 1.80 | (1.55 to 2.09) |
| Mid | 1.60 | (1.46 to 1.76) | 1.70 | (1.54 to 1.89) | 1.17 | (1.00 to 1.36) | 1.38 | (1.18 to 1.62) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Switzerland | Low | 1.95 | (1.91 to 1.98) | 2.22 | (2.16 to 2.29) | 1.43 | (1.38 to 1.49) | 1.54 | (1.47 to 1.63) |
| Mid | 1.41 | (1.38 to 1.43) | 1.52 | (1.48 to 1.56) | 1.11 | (1.07 to 1.15) | 1.13 | (1.08 to 1.19) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| South | |||||||||
| Barcelona | Low | 1.64 | (1.57 to 1.71) | 1.60 | (1.54 to 1.66) | 1.43 | (1.33 to 1.54) | 1.40 | (1.32 to 1.49) |
| Mid | 1.29 | (1.23 to 1.36) | 1.18 | (1.12 to 1.24) | 1.16 | (1.06 to 1.28) | 1.09 | (1.01 to 1.18) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Basque Country | Low | 1.49 | (1.42 to 1.57) | 1.51 | (1.44 to 1.58) | 1.25 | (1.14 to 1.38) | 1.39 | (1.28 to 1.51) |
| Mid | 1.20 | (1.12 to 1.27) | 1.16 | (1.10 to 1.23) | 1.12 | (1.00 to 1.26) | 1.22 | (1.10 to 1.35) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Madrid | Low | 1.55 | (1.48 to 1.63) | 1.56 | (1.49 to 1.63) | 1.37 | (1.24 to 1.50) | 1.30 | (1.20 to 1.40) |
| Mid | 1.30 | (1.22 to 1.38) | 1.27 | (1.20 to 1.35) | 1.18 | (1.05 to 1.32) | 1.23 | (1.11 to 1.35) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Turin | Low | 1.58 | (1.49 to 1.67) | 1.66 | (1.53 to 1.80) | 1.28 | (1.17 to 1.40) | 1.22 | (1.09 to 1.36) |
| Mid | 1.19 | (1.12 to 1.27) | 1.17 | (1.07 to 1.28) | 1.09 | (0.99 to 1.21) | 1.12 | (0.98 to 1.27) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| East | |||||||||
| Hungary | Low | 2.35 | (2.30 to 2.39) | 3.26 | (3.19 to 3.32) | 1.67 | (1.62 to 1.73) | 2.09 | (2.03 to 2.16) |
| Mid | 0.99 | (0.97 to 1.02) | 1.49 | (1.46 to 1.53) | 1.27 | (1.22 to 1.32) | 1.28 | (1.24 to 1.32) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Lithuania† | Low | 2.21 | (2.10 to 2.32) | 3.09 | (2.96 to 3.23) | 1.61 | (1.50 to 1.73) | 2.66 | (2.50 to 2.84) |
| Mid | 1.69 | (1.60 to 1.78) | 1.97 | (1.89 to 2.06) | 1.28 | (1.19 to 1.38) | 1.65 | (1.55 to 1.75) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Estonia | Low | 1.83 | (1.75 to 1.91) | 2.61 | (2.50 to 2.72) | 1.51 | (1.42 to 1.61) | 2.29 | (2.17 to 2.43) |
| Mid | 1.44 | (1.37 to 1.51) | 2.04 | (1.95 to 2.13) | 1.35 | (1.26 to 1.44) | 1.77 | (1.67 to 1.88) | |
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
In bold: no overlap in 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of Rate Ratio between 2000s and 1990s.
*low and middle educated combined.
†age 30–69 years.