China | Mexico | Russia | South Africa | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wealth quintile | ||||
Q1 (the poorest) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q2 | 1.74 (0.81 to 3.74) | 2.37 (0.70 to 8.10) | 1.13 (0.58 to 2.20) | 5.89 (1.27 to 27.42) |
Q3 | 2.0 (0.98 to 4.09) | 0.88 (0.27 to 2.88) | 0.79 (0.25 to 2.51) | 3.27 (0.66 to 16.14) |
Q4 | 2.16 (1.08 to 4.31) | 2.23 (0.72 to 6.91) | 1.42 (0.71 to 2.81) | 3.20 (066 to 15.38) |
Q5 (the most affluent) | 3.39 (1.66 to 6.92) | 2.69 (0.98 to 7.39) | 1.32 (0.59 to 2.94) | 1.29 (0.22 to 7.43) |
Age | ||||
25–39 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
40–49 | 1.12 (0.67 to 1.88) | 0.90 (0.41 to 1.97) | 1.48 (0.57 to 3.84) | 5.81 (1.86 to 18.16) |
50–59 | 0.61 (0.39 to 0.94) | 0.84 (0.31 to 2.29) | 0.45 (0.15 to 1.36) | 1.49 (0.50 to 4.46) |
60–69 | 0.36 (0.23 to 0.58) | 0.92 (0.46 to 1.86) | 0.16 (0.05 to 0.50) | 0.64 (0.19 to 2.13) |
Marital status | ||||
Married/cohabiting | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Single/widowed/separated | 0.63 (0.34 to 1.16) | 0.44 (0.21 to 0.92) | 0.91 (0.62 to 1.34) | 0.34 (0.14 to 0.81) |
Residence | ||||
Rural | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Urban | 1.98 (1.16 to 3.39) | 1.22 (0.51 to 2.92) | 0.65 (0.30 to 1.39) | 1.99 (0.69 to 5.69) |
Education attainment | ||||
Primary or less | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Secondary | 1.37 (0.87 to 2.13) | 0.76 (0.35 to 1.66) | 2.02 (0.59 to 6.93) | 1.55 (0.62 to 3.90) |
Tertiary or more | 2.54 (1.34 to 4.80) | 1.17 (0.41 to 3.34) | 3.20 (0.84 to 12.21) | 1.75 (0.30 to 10.29) |
Insurance status | ||||
No insurance | 1 (ref) | – | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Mandatory insurance | 1.50 (0.97 to 2.31) | – | 8.68 (0.67 to 111.57) | 1.60 (0.53 to 4.80) |
Voluntary insurance | 2.01 (0.83 to 4.87) | – | – | 2.72 (0.92 to 8.04) |
Both | 1.12 (0.56 to 2.24) | – | 11.57 (0.74 to 179.86) | 0.10 (0.01 to 0.95) |
The regression model was also adjusted for some country-specific variables, which include respondents’ ethnicity (African–American/Caucasian/coloured, mixed ancestry/others) in South Africa and geographic location (eight provinces) in China and South Africa.
The Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) data do not contain information on health insurance status in Mexico.