Result of the standard and after PSM Cox proportional hazard model
| Categorised model | Log-transformed model | PSM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude model | Multivariate model | Crude model | Multivariate model | |||
| Participation | 0–2 times (reference) (n=2175) | |||||
| 3 times and more (n=246) | 0.50 (0.32 to 0.80)*** | 0.41 (0.26 to 0.66)*** | – | – | – | |
| Log-transformed (log (X+1)) | – | – | 0.57 (0.39 to 0.84)** | 0.49 (0.33 to 0.72)*** | 0.52 (0.33 to 0.83)** | |
| Sex | Female (reference: male) | – | 1.05 (0.84 to 1.32) | – | 1.05 (0.84 to 1.32) | – |
| Age | 75 years and over (reference: 65–74 years) | – | 4.87 (3.86 to 6.14)*** | – | 4.85 (3.85 to 6.12)*** | – |
| Educational attainment | 9 years and under (reference: 10 years and over) | – | 0.95 (0.76 to 1.19) | – | 0.95 (0.76 to 1.19) | – |
| Equivalent income | ¥1.99 million and less (reference: ¥2 million and more) | – | 1.14 (0.91 to 1.43) | – | 1.14 (0.91 to 1.43) | – |
| Higher level of ADL | 12 points and under (reference: 13 points) | – | 1.32 (1.02 to 1.73)* | – | 1.32 (1.01 to 1.72)* | – |
| Depression | None (reference) | – | ||||
| Mild | 1.35 (1.04 to 1.75)* | – | 1.35 (1.04 to 1.74)* | – | ||
| Severe | 2.09 (1.48 to 2.95)*** | 2.09 (1.48 to 2.95)*** | ||||
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
PSM, propensity score matching.