Prevalence of family and mothers’ employment trajectories and covariates, total weighted % (N) and % (N) with socioemotional problem behaviour
| % (N) Total | % (N) Problem behaviour | |
|---|---|---|
| Family employment trajectories | ||
| Continuous employment | 74.0 (7936) | 9.3 (688) |
| A single transition into employment | 7.5 (774) | 22.4 (154) |
| Multiple transitions, concluding in employment | 4.5 (429) | 20.2 (81) |
| Multiple transitions, concluding in non-employment | 2.5 (255) | 27.8 (69) |
| A single transition into non-employment | 5.0 (495) | 25.3 (124) |
| Continuous non-employment | 6.4 (647) | 32.2 (179) |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Mothers’ employment trajectories | ||
| Continuous employment | 30.2 (3403) | 8.6 (266) |
| A single transition into employment | 23.0 (2326) | 11.2 (255) |
| Multiple transitions, concluding in employment | 10.1 (1054) | 10.6 (105) |
| Multiple transitions, concluding in non-employment | 5.8 (593) | 18.9 (112) |
| A single transition into non-employment | 7.3 (764) | 17.1 (122) |
| Continuous non-employment | 23.7 (2477) | 22.9 (523) |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Possible covariates | ||
| Gender of child | ||
| Boys | 51.2 (5390) | 16.8 (845) |
| Girls | 48.8 (5227) | 11.1 (538) |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Birth weight | ||
| Normal/high birth weight (≥2500 g) | 94.2 (9999) | 13.6 (1261) |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 5.8 (607) | 20.5 (122) |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Preterm birth | ||
| Normal (≥37 weeks) | 93.1 (9835) | 13.8 (1287) |
| Preterm (<37 weeks) | 6.9 (718) | 17.1 (119) |
| p<0.05 | ||
| Mothers’ age at child's birth | ||
| 14–19 years | 7.5 (687) | 27.7 (180) |
| 20–29 years | 44.7 (4643) | 16.6 (713) |
| 30–39 years | 45.6 (5035) | 9.5 (470) |
| 40+years | 2.1 (252) | 7.5 (20) |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Mothers’ ethnicity | ||
| White | 89.0 (9307) | 13.9 (1176) |
| Non-white | 11.0 (1285) | 14.8 (204) |
| p=0.53 | ||
| Number of children in household (9 months) | ||
| 1 child | 42.3 (4469) | 14.4 (592) |
| 2 children | 36.8 (3821) | 12.6 (452) |
| 3 children | 14.4 (1592) | 15.5 (223) |
| 4 or more children | 6.5 (735) | 16.2 (116) |
| p<0.05 | ||
| Lone parent household (9 months) | ||
| Yes | 14.1 (1429) | 25.9 (341) |
| No | 86.0 (9188) | 12.1 (1042) |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Mothers’ qualifications (9 months) | ||
| Degree | 17.9 (2062) | 5.2 (109) |
| Diploma | 9.4 (1040) | 9.7 (98) |
| A/AS/S Levels | 9.9 (1117) | 8.6 (96) |
| O Levels/GCSEs A-C | 36.2 (3692) | 13.5 (476) |
| O Levels/GCSEs D-G | 11.1 (1086) | 21.5 (220) |
| Other academic qualification | 1.8 (201) | 15.0 (32) |
| None of these qualifications | 13.8 (1411) | 27.3 (350) |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Age of child at 7 year interview | ||
| 6 years 3 months to 6 years 11 months | 18.1 (1942) | 14.5 (256) |
| 7 years to 7 years 2 months | 35.5 (3771) | 13.6 (480) |
| 7 years 3 months to 7 years 5 months | 31.7 (3391) | 14.8 (465) |
| 7 years 6 months to 8 years 5 months | 14.7 (1508) | 12.6 (181) |
| p=0.31 | ||
| Low household income (7 years) | ||
| Below 60% average income | 25.2 (2717) | 24.4 (623) |
| 60% average income and above | 74.8 (7898) | 10.5 (760) |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Increase in children in household (9 months–7 years) | ||
| Yes | 46.5 (4901) | 15.2 (689) |
| No | 53.5 (5716) | 12.9 (694) |
| p<0.01 | ||
| Mothers’ psychological distress (7 years) | ||
| Distress | 3.6 (352) | 47.7 (164) |
| Not distressed | 96.4 (10 096) | 12.5 (1206) |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Fathers’ employment (7 years) | ||
| Father not employed | 6.0 (639) | 26.0 (157) |
| Father employed | 74.0 (7970) | 10.8 (800) |
| No father figure in household | 20.0 (2003) | 22.3 (426) |
| p<0.001 | ||
Missing data for covariates: gender of child 0; birth weight 1; gestation 64; mothers’ age at birth of child 0; mothers’ ethnicity 25; children in household 9 months 0; lone parent household 9 months 0; mothers’ education 8; child's age at 7 year sweep 5; low income at 7 years 2; increase in children in household 0; mothers’ psychological distress at 7 years 169; fathers’ employment at 7 years 5.