Table 4

HRs (95% CI) for deaths from external causes, intentional and unintentional: Scotland relative to England (N=193 873)

	External (intentional)*					External (unintentional)
Model	Deaths†	N	HSE	SHS	p Value	Deaths	N	HSE	SHS	p Value
Model	Deaths†	N	HR	HR	p Value	Deaths	N	HR	HR	p Value
Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted (basic model)	122	193 873	1	1.85 (1.18 to 2.89)	0.007	418	193 873	1	0.95 (0.69 to 1.32)	0.777
+Occupational social class	119	183 634	1	1.86 (1.19 to 2.91)	0.007	398	183 043	1	0.93 (0.67 to 1.31)	0.693
+Educational attainment	122	193 733	1	1.85 (1.18 to 2.89)	0.007	418	193 733	1	0.95 (0.68 to 1.31)	0.745
+Smoking status	122	193 068	1	1.65 (1.05 to 2.58)	0.030	415	193 068	1	0.87 (0.62 to 1.22)	0.408
+Frequency of alcohol consumption	122	191 531	1	1.86 (1.19 to 2.91)	0.007	417	191 531	1	0.96 (0.69 to 1.33)	0.793
+Self-assessed general health	122	193 835	1	1.82 (1.16 to 2.84)	0.009	418	193 835	1	0.95 (0.68 to 1.31)	0.741
+Long-standing illness	122	193 829	1	1.85 (1.18 to 2.89)	0.007	418	193 829	1	0.95 (0.69 to 1.32)	0.778
Fully-adjusted‡	119	181 151	1	1.68 (1.07 to 2.64)	0.025	396	181 560	1	0.88 (0.62 to 1.24)	0.453

*Intentional deaths were identified by any mention of ICD-9 codes E950-E959 (intentional) and E980-E989 (undetermined intent) or ICD-10 codes X60-X84 (intentional) and Y10-Y34 (undetermined intent) associated with an underlying external cause of death (ICD-9 codes 800-999 or ICD-10 codes V00-Y98).
†HSE deaths 98; SHS deaths 24.
‡Model adjusted for age, sex, occupational social class, educational attainment, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, self-assessed general health and long-standing illness.
HSE, Health Surveys for England; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; SHS, Scottish Health Survey.