HRs (95% CI) for deaths related to alcohol* or drugs†: Scotland relative to England (N=193 873)
| Model‡ | Alcohol-related deaths* | Drug-related poisonings† | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths | N | HSE | SHS | p Value | Deaths | N | HSE | SHS | p Value | |
| HR | HR | HR | HR | |||||||
| Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted (basic model) | 252 | 193 831 | 1 | 5.43 (4.20 to 7.02) | <0.001 | 50 | 193 606 | 1 | 3.86 (2.15 to 6.94) | <0.001 |
| +Occupational social class | 246 | 183 004 | 1 | 5.26 (4.06 to 6.82) | <0.001 | 46 | 182 793 | 1 | 3.84 (2.09 to 7.06) | <0.001 |
| +Educational attainment | 251 | 193 691 | 1 | 5.34 (4.13 to 6.91) | <0.001 | 50 | 193 466 | 1 | 3.87 (2.15 to 6.95) | <0.001 |
| +Smoking status | 249 | 193 026 | 1 | 4.47 (3.44 to 5.80) | <0.001 | 50 | 192 801 | 1 | 3.32 (1.84 to 5.98) | <0.001 |
| +Frequency of alcohol consumption | 251 | 191 489 | 1 | 5.73 (4.44 to 7.42) | <0.001 | 48 | 191 264 | 1 | 3.77 (2.06 to 6.87) | <0.001 |
| +Self-assessed general health | 252 | 193 793 | 1 | 5.26 (4.07 to 6.80) | <0.001 | 50 | 193 568 | 1 | 3.65 (2.03 to 6.56) | <0.001 |
| +Long-standing illness | 252 | 193 787 | 1 | 5.45 (4.22 to 7.04) | <0.001 | 50 | 193 562 | 1 | 3.88 (2.16 to 6.98) | <0.001 |
| Fully-adjusted§ | 241 | 181 521 | 1 | 4.64 (3.55 to 6.05) | <0.001 | 45 | 181 310 | 1 | 3.43 (1.85 to 6.36) | <0.001 |
*Coded according to the General Register Office for Scotland convention using ICD-9 codes 291, 303, 305.0, 425.5, 571.0, 571.1, 571.2, 571.3, 571.4, 571.5, 571.8, 571.9 and E860 and ICD-10 codes F10, G31.2, G62.1, I42.6, K29.2, K70, K73, K74.0, K74.1, K74.2, K74.6, K86.0, X45, X65 and Y15.
†ICD-9 codes 304-305 (not 305.1), 965-71, E935–41, E950.0-E950.5, E962 and E980.0-E980.5 and ICD-10 codes F11-F16, F18, F19, X40-X44, X60-X64, X85 and Y10-Y14.
‡Covariates selected from potentially relevant variables because data for these variables were missing in less than 20% of participants.
§Model adjusted for age, sex, occupational social class, educational attainment, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, self-assessed general health and long-standing illness.
HSE, Health Surveys for England; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; SHS, Scottish Health Survey.