Table 2

Explanatory simple regression and meta-regression results for LE and DFLE at birth, 1991 and 2001, by gender

	LE at birth										DFLE at birth
	1991					2001					1991					2001
	Univariate		Multivariate			Univariate		Multivariate			Univariable		Multivariable			Univariable		Multivariable
	β (SE)	p	β (SE)	Beta	p	β (SE)	p	β (SE)	Beta	p	β (SE)	p	β (SE)	Beta	p	β (SE)	p	β (SE)	Beta	p
Women
Social class IV and V (%)	−0.17 (0.01)	<0.001	−0.08 (0.02)	−0.25	<0.001	−0.24 (0.01)	<0.001	−0.15 (0.02)	−0.42	<0.001	−0.46 (0.02)	<0.001	−0.16 (0.03)	−0.24	<0.001	−0.66 (0.02)	<0.001	−0.35 (0.03)	−0.43	<0.001
Unemployment rate (%)	−0.22 (0.02)	<0.001	−0.18 (0.03)	−0.45	<0.001	−0.46 (0.03)	<0.001	−0.14 (0.05)	−0.19	0.007	−0.64 (0.03)	<0.001	−0.53 (0.05)	−0.65	<0.001	−1.33 (0.05)	<0.001	−0.67 (0.08)	−0.41	<0.001
Retirement migration	0.56 (0.06)	<0.001	0.06 (0.08)	0.05	0.413	1.36 (0.10)	<0.001	0.79 (0.09)	0.33	<0.001	1.71 (0.11)	<0.001	0.42 (0.11)	0.15	<0.001	3.18 (0.24)	<0.001	1.42 (0.15)	0.25	<0.001
Population density	−0.01 (0.00)	<0.001	0.01 (0.01)	0.12	0.101	−0.02 (0.00)	<0.001	0.00 (0.00)	−0.01	0.923	−0.04 (0.01)	<0.001	0.02 (0.01)	0.14	0.005	−0.04 (0.01)	<0.001	−0.01 (0.01)	−0.04	0.337
Non-white population (%)	−0.03 (0.01)	0.006	0.00 (0.01)	0.02	0.760	−0.03 (0.01)	<0.001	0.00 (0.01)	0.03	0.59	−0.08 (0.02)	<0.001	0.03 (0.02)	0.08	0.063	−0.07 (0.02)	<0.001	0.05 (0.01)	0.14	<0.001
Constant			81.8					82.9					69.6					71.3
r²			0.38					0.58					0.7					0.81
Men
Social class IV and V (%)	−0.22 (0.02)	<0.001	−0.10 (0.02)	−0.27	<0.001	−0.31 (0.02)	<0.001	−0.17 (0.02)	−0.39	<0.001	−0.54 (0.03)	<0.001	−0.19 (0.03)	−0.25	<0.001	−0.73 (0.03)	<0.001	−0.33 (0.03)	−0.37	<0.001
Unemployment rate (%)	−0.34 (0.02)	<0.001	−0.18 (0.04)	−0.35	<0.001	−0.66 (0.03)	<0.001	−0.26 (0.05)	−0.3	<0.001	−0.75 (0.03)	<0.001	−0.62 (0.05)	−0.65	<0.001	−1.51 (0.05)	<0.001	−0.96 (0.08)	−0.53	<0.001
Retirement migration	0.95 (0.07)	<0.001	0.24 (0.09)	0.15	0.011	1.66 (0.13)	<0.001	0.73 (0.10)	0.24	<0.001	2.00 (0.13)	<0.001	0.50 (0.12)	0.15	<0.001	3.23 (0.27)	<0.001	1.21 (0.16)	0.19	<0.001
Population density	−0.04 (0.00)	<0.001	−0.01 (0.01)	−0.10	0.150	−0.03 (0.00)	<0.001	−0.02 (0.01)	−0.18	<0.001	−0.05 (0.01)	<0.001	0.02 (0.01)	0.09	0.066	−0.04 (0.01)	<0.001	−0.01 (0.01)	−0.07	0.078
Non-white population (%)	−0.08 (0.01)	<0.001	0.00 (0.01)	0.00	0.940	−0.05 (0.01)	<0.001	0.02 (0.01)	0.09	0.055	−0.08 (0.02)	<0.001	0.07 (0.02)	0.15	<0.001	−0.05 (0.02)	0.009	0.09 (0.01)	0.24	<0.001
Constant			76.7					79.5					67.7					69.9
r²			0.51					0.67					0.73					0.82

β denotes unstandardised coefficient, Beta denotes standardised coefficient, univariate and multivariate denote simple regression models, and univariable and multivariable denote meta-regression models.
DFLE, disability-free life expectancy; LE, life expectancy.