ORs (95% CIs) obtained from multivariable adjusted multilevel models* regressing diabetes mellitus on BMI and education but without BMI by educational attainment product terms: World Health Survey 2002–2003
| Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 3§ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-income countries | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 0.72 (0.58 to 0.91) | 0.76 (0.61 to 0.96) | |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 1.53 (1.29 to 1.82) | 1.48 (1.25 to 1.76) | |
| Obese I (30–34.9) | 2.49 (1.92 to 3.23) | 2.38 (1.84 to 3.09) | |
| Obese II and III (≥35) | 1.62 (1.16 to 2.26) | 1.57 (1.12 to 2.19) | |
| Educational attainment | |||
| No formal education | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Some/completed primary school | 1.74 (1.43 to 2.11) | 1.68 (1.38 to 2.04) | |
| Secondary/high school completed | 2.10 (1.69 to 2.60) | 1.98 (1.59 to 2.46) | |
| College and beyond | 2.90 (2.25 to 3.72) | 2.65 (2.06 to 3.42) | |
| Middle-income countries | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.97) | 0.79 (0.66 to 0.94) | |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 1.33 (1.23 to 1.44) | 1.32 (1.22 to 1.42) | |
| Obese I (30–34.9) | 1.80 (1.63 to 1.99) | 1.78 (1.61 to 1.96) | |
| Obese II and III (≥35) | 2.06 (1.81 to 2.35) | 2.04 (1.79 to 2.32) | |
| Educational attainment | |||
| No formal education | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Some/completed primary school | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.22) | 1.24 (1.09 to 1.42) | |
| Secondary/high school completed | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.08) | 1.13 (0.97 to 1.30) | |
| College and beyond | 0.78 (0.65 to 0.94) | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.21) | |
*All three models adjusted for the same set of covariates: age, age squared, sex, marital status, smoking, alcohol use, urbanicity, country's 2003 GDP per capita and four chronic conditions: angina, asthma, arthritis and depression.
†BMI was entered in the model in addition to the above covariates.
‡Educational attainment was entered in the model in addition to the above covariates.
§Both BMI and educational attainment were entered in the model in addition to the above covariates.
BMI, body mass index; GDP, gross domestic product.