Table 2

ORs for being in upper risk factor quintile in BMI, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol and for being a smoker, for being obese (BMI ≥30), systolic blood pressure ≥140 and serum cholesterol ≥6.5 in participants aged 30–74 years, by education level, sex and survey*

	Tromsø 4, 1994–1995					Tromsø 6, 2007–2008
	Education level†					Education level†
	1	2	3	4	p Trend	1	2	3	4	p Trend	p, Int‡
Men
Daily smoking (%)	1.0	0.71 (0.65 to 0.78)	0.51 (0.45 to 0.57)	0.27 (0.24 to 0.31)	<0.001	1.0	0.69 (0.60 to 0.79)	0.50 (0.42 to 0.59)	0.21 (0.17 to 0.26)	<0.001	0.054
BMI (kg/m²)	1.0	1.00 (0.89 to 1.11)	0.87 (0.75 to 1.00)	0.65 (0.56 to 0.76)	<0.001	1.0	0.98 (0.85 to 1.13)	0.86 (0.72 to 1.02)	0.53 (0.44 to 0.65)	<0.001	0.048
Obesity§ (%)	1.0	0.96 (0.83 to 1.11)	0.94 (0.78 to 1.13)	0.63 (0.51 to 0.78)	<0.001	1.0	1.08 (0.93 to 1.27)	0.93 (0.78 to 1.12)	0.57 (0.47 to 0.70)	<0.001	0.20
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	1.0	0.99 (0.88 to 1.11)	0.96 (0.83 to 1.11)	0.79 (0.67 to 0.92)	0.005	1.0	0.97 (0.82 to 1.15)	0.83 (0.68 to 1.01)	0.82 (0.67 to 1.00)	0.01	0.76
SysBP ≥140 mm Hg	1.0	1.01 (0.91 to 1.12)	0.94 (0.83 to 1.07)	0.79 (0.69 to 0.90)	<0.001	1.0	0.94 (0.81 to 1.09)	0.94 (0.80 to 1.10)	0.80 (0.67 to 0.95)	0.02	0.87
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.0	0.89 (0.80 to 1.00)	0.81 (0.70 to 0.93)	0.53 (0.45 to 0.63)	<0.001	1.0	0.84 (0.71 to 1.00)	0.76 (0.63 to 0.92)	0.62 (0.51 to 0.76)	<0.001	0.40
Cholesterol ≥6.5 mmol/L	1.0	0.83 (0.76 to 0.92)	0.79 (0.70 to 0.89)	0.53 (0.47 to 0.61)	<0.001	1.0	0.91 (0.76 to 1.09)	0.87 (0.71 to 1.06)	0.71 (0.57 to 0.88)	0.002	0.031
Women
Daily smoking (%)	1.0	0.69 (0.63 to 0.76)	0.36 (0.31 to 0.41)	0.22 (0.19 to 0.25)	<0.001	1.0	0.70 (0.62 to 0.80)	0.39 (0.33 to 0.47)	0.22 (0.19 to 0.27)	<0.001	0.67
BMI (kg/m²)	1.0	0.81 (0.73 to 0.90)	0.56 (0.48 to 0.66)	0.57 (0.49 to 0.66)	<0.001	1.0	0.83 (0.72 to 0.94)	0.71 (0.59 to 0.84)	0.60 (0.51 to 0.71)	<0.001	0.099
Obesity‡ (%)	1.0	0.66 (0.57 to 0.75)	0.47 (0.38 to 0.59)	0.47 (0.38 to 0.58)	<0.001	1.0	0.92 (0.80 to 1.06)	0.78 (0.65 to 0.94)	0.67 (0.56 to 0.80)	<0.001	<0.001
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	1.0	0.81 (0.72 to 0.90)	0.70 (0.60 to 0.81)	0.63 (0.54 to 0.73)	<0.001	1.0	0.83 (0.71 to 0.97)	0.74 (0.60 to 0.90)	0.61 (0.50 to 0.73)	<0.001	0.99
SysBP≥140 mm Hg	1.0	0.77 (0.68 to 0.86)	0.61 (0.52 to 0.72)	0.55 (0.46 to 0.66)	<0.001	1.0	0.92 (0.80 to 1.06)	0.76 (0.63 to 0.92)	0.64 (0.54 to 0.76)	<0.001	0.062
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.0	0.68 (0.61 to 0.76)	0.49 (0.41 to 0.58)	0.42 (0.36 to 0.50)	<0.001	1.0	0.95 (0.81 to 1.11)	0.61 (0.49 to 0.75)	0.61 (0.51 to 0.74)	<0.001	<0.001
Cholesterol ≥6.5 mmol/L	1.0	0.71 (0.64 to 0.78)	0.54 (0.47 to 0.62)	0.41 (0.36 to 0.48)	<0.001	1.0	1.21 (1.04 to 1.42)	0.94 (0.76 to 1.16)	0.92 (0.76 to 1.10)	0.19	<0.001

The Tromsø Study.
*OR and p values are age adjusted.
†1: ≤9 years of schooling; 2: 10–12 years of schooling; 3: college/university <4 years; 4: college/university ≥4 years.
‡p, int=p value, difference in in educational trends between Tromsø 4 and Tromsø 6.
§Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m².
BMI, Body Mass Index; BP, blood pressure.