Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality according to resting heart rate in midlife
| Resting heart rate | n | Deaths | Rate per 1000 person-years | Model 1 hazard ratio (95% CI)*,† | Model 2 hazard ratio (95% CI)*,‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 36 years | 2865 | 246 | 2.94 | ||
| 10 bpm increment | 1.23 (1.09 to 1.39) | 1.08 (0.95 to 1.22) | |||
| Quintiles | |||||
| 1st ≤ 64 | 824 | 61 | 2.53 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 2nd 65–68 | 390 | 35 | 3.09 | 1.24 (0.82 to 1.88) | 1.12 (0.74 to 1.71) |
| 3rd 69–74 | 599 | 46 | 2.62 | 1.08 (0.74 to 1.59) | 0.91 (0.62 to 1.35) |
| 4th 75–80 | 613 | 50 | 2.80 | 1.17 (0.80 to 1.70) | 0.93 (0.64 to 1.36) |
| 5th ≥81 | 439 | 54 | 4.24 | 1.79 (1.24 to 2.59) | 1.22 (0.83 to 1.79) |
| Ptrend | 0.01 | 0.6 | |||
| Age 43 years | 2865 | 246 | 2.94 | ||
| 10 bpm increment | 1.40 (1.24 to 1.57) | 1.27 (1.13 to 1.44) | |||
| Quintiles | |||||
| 1st ≤ 63 | 577 | 32 | 1.89 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 2nd 64–68 | 686 | 43 | 2.13 | 1.17 (0.74 to 1.85) | 1.13 (0.71 to 1.80) |
| 3rd 69–72 | 480 | 48 | 3.42 | 1.90 (1.21 to 2.97) | 1.68 (1.06 to 2.64) |
| 4th 73–80 | 664 | 57 | 2.94 | 1.68 (1.09 to 2.59) | 1.36 (0.87 to 2.13) |
| 5th ≥81 | 458 | 66 | 5.03 | 2.83 (1.86 to 4.33) | 2.17 (1.40 to 3.36) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Change from 36 to 43 years | 2865 | 246 | 2.94 | ||
| Age 36, 10 bpm increment | 1.10 (0.96 to 1.25) | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11) | |||
| Age 43, 10 bpm increment | 1.35 (1.19 to 1.53) | 1.29 (1.13 to 1.47) | |||
Multiple imputation was used to impute missing covariates (20 imputations used).
*Models included cases free from coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline (age 43 years).
†Model adjusted for sex only.
‡Model also adjusted for blood pressure, body mass index, own occupational class, leisure-time physical activity, smoking and antihypertensive treatment.