Multilevel models for depression: São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey, 2005–2007
| Variables | Null model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Women | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Men | 0.42 | (0.33 to 0.54) | 0.44 | (0.34 to 0.56) | 0.44 | (0.34 to 0.56) | ||
| Age | ||||||||
| 18–39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| 40–59 | 1.00 | (0.80 to 1.26) | 1.02 | (0.78 to 1.33) | 1.00 | (0.77 to 1.30) | ||
| 60+ | 0.38 | (0.25 to 0.57) | 0.36 | (0.23 to 0.58) | 0.35 | (0.22 to 0.56) | ||
| Income | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Medium | 0.97 | (0.75 to 1.26) | 0.95 | (0.72 to 1.26) | ||||
| High | 0.96 | (0.72 to 1.28) | 0.94 | (0.69 to 1.27) | ||||
| Education | ||||||||
| Basic | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| High school | 1.04 | (0.79 to 1.36) | 1.03 | (0.79 to 1.34) | ||||
| College | 1.04 | (0.72 to 1.49) | 0.99 | (0.70 to 1.39) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single (never married) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Divorced/widowed | 1.24 | (0.89 to 1.74) | 1.26 | (0.90 to 1.76) | ||||
| Married | 0.89 | (0.68 to 1.16) | 0.90 | (0.69 to 1.17) | ||||
| Income inequality | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | |||||||
| Medium | 1.76 | (1.21 to 2.55) | ||||||
| High | 1.53 | (1.07 to 2.19) | ||||||
| Area-level variance (SD) | 0.04 | (0.03) | 0.04 | (0.03) | 0.05 | (0.04) | 0.03 | (0.03) |
| ICC | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| DIC | 2370.79 | 2296.43 | 2302.84 | 2297.47 | ||||
DIC, deviance information criterion; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient.